Psychology Research Methods Quiz

<p>A clear explanation of how a variable will be measured</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Descriptive research summarizes data, while experimental research tests hypotheses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A sample where each member has an equal chance of being included</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Experiencing a racing heart after exercise and ascribing it to attraction to someone</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An initiative promoting transparency and accessibility in research</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contiguity is about the timing of stimuli, while contingency refers to the predictability of the relationship between them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social learning theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary reinforcers are biological needs, while secondary reinforcers are learned associations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It happens when reinforcement is delivered after a behavior without a direct link.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immediate reinforcement leads to stronger learning effects than delayed reinforcement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Classical conditioning can influence sensitivity to drug effects, increasing overdose risk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Behaviors that are reinforced become more likely to occur in the future.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The degree to which that body part requires fine motor control</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary cortex is responsible for basic sensory processing, while association cortex integrates and interprets this information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One hemisphere controls movements on the opposite side of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Via the corpus callosum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Broca’s area</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A time when an organism is most capable of learning a particular skill.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The brain's representation of body parts and neural plasticity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The specialization of certain cognitive functions to either the left or right hemisphere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It shows how visual input can completely override auditory input.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trichromatic theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Habituation is a decrease in response to a repeated stimulus, whereas sensitization is an increased response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To enable more accurate and complete interpretations of stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To function in low-light conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Experiments control for confounding variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Equal chance for participants being assigned to any group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability of a study to establish a cause-and-effect relationship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A mediator explains the relationship, while a moderator affects its strength.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heritability estimates the degree to which genetics explain variability in a trait.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The diathesis-stress model suggests individual vulnerabilities, while differential susceptibility underscores individual responses to stressors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To summarize and present data in a meaningful way.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>External validity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A statistical index that quantifies the magnitude of an experimental effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A reduction in symptoms due to the belief in treatment's efficacy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is used to compare against those who receive treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both researchers and participants remain unaware of group assignments, reducing bias.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There is no difference or effect in the population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through changes in metabolism or receptor sensitivity due to repeated exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blocking</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A consequence that increases the likelihood of a behavior occurring again</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Latent learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It leads to faster acquisition of behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Certain associations are more easily learned due to evolutionary factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It uses successive approximations to gradually guide behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary reinforcers satisfy biological needs, while secondary reinforcers are learned through association</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Personal experiences and intuitive insights</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Understanding how people think about themselves and others</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tendency to ignore contradictory evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intuition can lead to systematic errors in judgment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They confirm the validity of original findings</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The promotion of data sharing and transparency</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Linking physical sensations to the incorrect source of emotion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A theory is a broad explanation, while a hypothesis is a specific prediction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The capacity of the brain to change in response to experience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Broca's area is related to language production; Wernicke's area is related to language comprehension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Each hemisphere processes sensory and motor functions of the opposite side of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The division of functional tasks between the two brain hemispheres.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can verbally describe what they see.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neuroplasticity leading to realignment of sensory maps after amputation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary cortex directly processes sensory information; association cortex integrates and interprets it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are specialized to respond to specific characteristics of visual stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It reduces distraction from unchanging stimuli, allowing focus on more relevant information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It requires input from both eyes to create a three-dimensional perception.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulus describes the initial capture of sensory input, whereas sensation is the awareness of that input.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Light is converted into neural signals by the retina.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps to stabilize our gaze by coordinating with visual information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides insights into our internal bodily states and how they relate to emotions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To isolate the effect of the independent variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The dependent variable is influenced by the independent variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The extent to which the results can be explained by a causal relationship</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Changes in gene expression prompted by environmental factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can introduce bias if certain groups drop out disproportionately</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An improvement observed in participants receiving no therapeutic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To minimize the influence of extraneous variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The consistency of outcomes when the measurement is repeated</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>External validity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure ethical principles are upheld in proposed studies involving human subjects</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural selection occurs without human intervention, while artificial selection is induced by human choices</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A factor that explains the relationship between an independent and a dependent variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Language comprehension</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can verbally identify the object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The division of labor between the left and right hemispheres.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Body parts are represented in proportion to their sensory or motor innervation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A time when certain skills or capacities must be developed to be acquired fully.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Folk psychology is derived from common beliefs rather than systematic study.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Failure to notice a fully visible object due to attention being directed elsewhere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The inclination to favor information that confirms existing beliefs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure that results can be repeatedly observed under the same conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An aggregation of data from multiple studies to draw a comprehensive conclusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A clear statement of how a concept will be measured.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The change in behavior that occurs when individuals know they are being observed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows for the analysis of evidence supporting and opposing a claim.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temporal precedence of events</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A strong positive or negative relationship</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Is subjected to the same conditions as the experimental group without treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Randomly assigning participants to different groups to reduce bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A variable that explains the relationship between two other variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability to apply findings to broader contexts outside the study</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Variations in dropout rates between experimental groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure ethical standards in research involving human subjects</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genotype refers to the genetic makeup; phenotype refers to the observable traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gene expression refers to the active use of gene information; gene regulation involves controlling when genes are turned on or off.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provide support, nutrition, and protection for neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They directly alter neurotransmitter activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The amount of sensory feedback from that body part</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Producing spoken language</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Language functions predominantly housed in the left hemisphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensory information from the left side of the body is processed by the right hemisphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It often relies on anecdotal evidence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It involves the misinterpretation of emotional responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Folk psychology often reflects cultural beliefs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To verify the results of previous studies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Promote unrestricted access to research findings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Measured variables reflect natural phenomena.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Favoring information that supports existing beliefs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Participants may alter responses to appear favorable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The dependent variable is the outcome being studied, while the independent variable is the factor changed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps control extraneous variables by evenly distributing them across groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A group that receives no treatment or intervention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Correlation, temporal precedence, and ruling out alternative explanations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To evaluate the ethical implications of research proposals involving human subjects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It involves participants dropping out at different rates, potentially skewing results.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The interaction between environmental factors and genetics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The extent to which findings can be generalized to real-world settings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It suggests that a participant's belief in a treatment can produce real effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Variance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A study that examines numerous genetic variants across a genome to find associations with traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It indicates the degree of certainty that findings are not due to chance.</p> Signup and view all the answers