PSY100 - Midterm Key Terms

A researcher is interested in studying the impact of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance. Participants are randomly assigned to either a group that gets 8 hours of sleep or a group that is deprived of sleep for 24 hours. What is the independent variable in this study?

Which perspective in psychology emphasizes the role of information processing, thinking, and problem-solving in understanding behavior?

A researcher finds a strong positive correlation between the number of hours students spend studying and their exam scores. However, they cannot conclude that studying more causes higher scores because of the:

In an experiment examining the effects of a new drug on anxiety levels, some participants are given the actual drug, while others receive a sugar pill. What is the purpose of the sugar pill in this experiment?

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of an operational definition?

Which cellular component allows a neuron to respond to chemical signals from other neurons?

What is the primary function of the brainstem?

How do antagonists affect neurotransmitters?

If a drug inhibits reuptake, what is the most likely result?

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for controlling involuntary functions such as heart rate and digestion?

Which neurotransmitter is most directly involved in the regulation of sleep, mood, and appetite?

Which of the following brain structures is most closely associated with skilled movement?

The fight-or-flight response is primarily associated with the release of which hormone and neurotransmitter?

What is the likely effect of a drug that acts as an agonist at a specific receptor site?

Which of the following brain structures is most directly involved in processing visual information?

Which of the following is the primary function of the orbitofrontal cortex?

Which neurotransmitter is predominantly responsible for inhibitory functions within the central nervous system?

Which of the following best describes the role of the hypothalamus?

What is the main role of the corpus callosum in the brain?

Which of the following describes neuroplasticity?

The HPA axis is MOST directly involved in:

Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between sensation and perception?

A chef is experimenting with a new recipe and wants to determine the minimum amount of salt needed for tasters to notice a change in flavor. Which concept is the chef directly applying?

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of sensory adaptation?

How do monocular and binocular cues contribute to depth perception?

A person with damage to their temporal lobe might have difficulty with which of the following:

Which of the following is the most accurate description of the gate control theory of pain?

How do the trichromatic and opponent process theories explain color vision?

A person suffers a stroke that damages the parietal pathway (dorsal stream). What type of impairment is most likely to result from this damage?

What role does the reticular formation play in sensory processing and consciousness?

A new drug is designed to mimic the effects of a naturally occurring neurotransmitter by binding to its receptors and amplifying its effects. Based on this information, how would this drug be classified?

Which of the following best describes the functional relationship between the central nervous system (CNS) and the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

Damage to the cerebellum is most likely to result in impairments to which function?

A researcher is investigating the effects of a neurotoxin that selectively destroys cells in the basal ganglia. Which of the following behavioral changes would MOST likely be observed in the affected individuals?

A pharmaceutical company is developing a new drug to treat a neurological disorder. The drug is designed to prevent neurotransmitters from being reabsorbed back into the presynaptic neuron. Which mechanism of action is this drug targeting?

A patient presents with impaired decision-making abilities and difficulty controlling impulsive behaviors, but their memory and visual processing remain intact. Based on this information, which area of the frontal lobe is MOST likely affected?

Following a traumatic brain injury, a patient exhibits significant difficulties in forming new long-term memories, while their ability to recall existing memories remains relatively unaffected. Which of the following brain structures is MOST likely damaged?

A researcher is investigating the effects of a novel drug on neurotransmitter activity in the brain. After administering the drug, they observe a significant reduction in anxiety levels, increased muscle relaxation, and improved sleep quality in the subjects. Which neurotransmitter is MOST likely being enhanced by this drug?

A person is confronted with a sudden, life-threatening situation. Which of the following hormonal and neural responses is MOST likely to occur FIRST, preparing the body for immediate action?

A patient has experienced damage to a specific area in their brain, leading to deficits in processing sensory information related to touch, temperature, and pain, along with impaired spatial awareness. Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is MOST likely affected?

Which of the following scenarios BEST exemplifies the challenge posed by WEIRD samples in psychological research?

A researcher is interested in studying the effect of a new teaching method on student performance but must use intact, pre-existing classrooms. What type of research design is MOST appropriate in this situation?

A pharmaceutical company is testing a new drug to treat anxiety. They conduct a double-blind experiment where neither the participants nor the researchers know who is receiving the drug or a placebo until the study is over. What is the PRIMARY purpose of this double-blind procedure?

Researchers find a strong correlation between participation in extracurricular activities and academic performance. However, they suspect that students' pre-existing levels of conscientiousness might be influencing both variables. This represents an example of:

A researcher submits their study to a journal, and after peer review, the journal requests that they make their data, materials, and analysis scripts publicly available. This request aligns with the principles of:

Hub Science

Voluntarism

Structuralism

Introspection

Functionalism

Synaptic Cleft

Receptor (Neuron)

Neurotransmitters

Agonist

Antagonist

Reuptake

Brainstem

Corpus Callosum

Endocrine System

Executive Functions

Frontal Lobe

Glia

GABA

Glutamate

Hypothalamus

Neuroplasticity

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Prefrontal cortex

Reticular formation

Somatic nervous system

Sympathetic nervous system

Temporal lobe

Thalamus

Sensation

Perception

Behaviorism

Developmental Psychology

Evolutionary Psychology

Hypothesis

Experiment

Resting Potential

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Basal Ganglia

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Cerebellum

Functions of the Cerebral Cortex Segments

Serotonin

Dopamine

Hippocampus

HPA-axis