Psychology Research and Facts
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Questions and Answers

What is the null hypothesis?

  • A statement that explains the causality of variables
  • A statement that predicts a specific relationship between variables
  • A statement that there is no relationship between variables (correct)
  • A statement that describes the results of an experiment

    • What is the purpose of standardization in a research study?

  • To ensure consistency and objectivity of how tests are administered (correct)
  • To ensure that all variables are confounding variables
  • To ensure that all tests are conducted in different conditions
  • To ensure that all participants are aware of the research hypothesis

    • What is an operational definition?

  • A definition of how a variable is manipulated
  • A definition of how a variable is related to other variables
  • A definition of how a variable is measured or observed (correct)
  • A definition of how a variable is controlled

    • What is the dependent variable in an experiment?

    <p>The variable that is measured or observed as a result</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a confounding variable?

    <p>A variable that is unintentionally related to the independent variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a control condition in an experiment?

    <p>To provide a baseline for comparison with the experimental condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why research is necessary in understanding human nature?

    <p>Because anecdotal experiences often differ from reality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the independent variable in an experiment?

    <p>The variable that is manipulated by the researcher</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the unconscious movement of a person's body parts, often observed in the use of a Ouija board?

    <p>Ideomotor Effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of pseudoscience?

    <p>Based on scientific evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of finding one case where the null hypothesis is not true?

    <p>To reject the null hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, what percentage of the brain do humans use?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the third step in the research process?

    <p>Predicting when and how the behavior can happen again</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of normality is based on cultural norms and values?

    <p>Cultural normality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of research in psychology?

    <p>To understand human behavior and develop knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where people's minds wander 30% of the day?

    <p>Mind wandering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of words need to be operationally defined in a research study?

    <p>Variables being measured</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the null hypothesis in a research study?

    <p>To propose that there is no significant difference or relationship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a principle of falsifiability?

    <p>Hypotheses can be disproven if contradictory evidence is found</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of standardization in research?

    <p>To make the results more generalizable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the psychology fact, what is the effect of posting a calorie chart in fast food restaurants?

    <p>People choose less healthy foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the U.S. population believes in psychic phenomena?

    <p>Over 50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of Occam's Razor?

    <p>The shortest and least complex solution is often the correct one</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of cases of sexual assault on college campuses involve alcohol?

    <p>Over 90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the solution to experimenter bias in a study?

    <p>Double-Blind Study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of research involves observing behavior in a natural environment?

    <p>Naturalistic Observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the tendency of a single value to describe a set of data?

    <p>Central Tendency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the solution to selection bias in a study?

    <p>Random Assignment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a study that evaluates a single case for a long time?

    <p>Case Study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the problem with volunteer bias in a study?

    <p>Subjects that care enough to participate are different from the norm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a blind study in a research design?

    <p>To prevent experimenter bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the average value of a dataset?

    <p>Mean</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of basic research?

    <p>To seek knowledge for its own sake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a confederate in an experiment?

    <p>A researcher who assumes the role of a participant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a theory in the research process?

    <p>To explain how a number of separate facts are related</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Hawthorne effect?

    <p>A phenomenon where participants improve an aspect of their behavior in response to being studied</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of applied research?

    <p>To find practical applications for knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an empirical method in the research process?

    <p>To test hypotheses and prove/disprove theories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a placebo in an experiment?

    <p>To create a false treatment that has no effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct sequence of steps in the research process?

    <p>Form a hypothesis, design an experiment, perform the experiment, and make observations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Research in Psychology

    • Research is necessary to differentiate between intuition and scientific facts about human nature.

    Need for Research

    • Intuition and common sense may not be enough to provide accurate answers about human behavior.
    • Examples of misconceptions: opposites attract, we use 10% of our brains, and crimes increase during a full moon.

    Pseudoscience

    • Presented as scientific but lacks scientific evidence.
    • Characteristics: produces no advances in knowledge, disregards established facts, and lacks sound logic.

    Normality

    • Types of normality: statistical, cultural, subjective, idealistic, and clinical.
    • Definition: varies depending on the context, e.g., statistical normality is what most people do.

    Research Process

    • Steps: describe, explain, predict, control, and improve.
    • Types of research: basic, applied, and animal model.
    • Importance of theory, experimentation, and empirical testing.

    Research Process (continued)

    • Hypothesis: statement that predicts the relationship between variables.
    • Null hypothesis: statement that there is no relationship between variables.
    • Alternative hypothesis: specific predictions of what will happen.
    • Standardization: consistency and objectivity in administering tests.

    Contamination

    • Types of contamination: selection bias, placebo effect, experimenter bias, and volunteer bias.
    • Solutions: random assignment, blind study, and double-blind study.

    Research Types

    • Reliable research: can be replicated.
    • Valid research: measures what it should.
    • Central tendency: measures that describe a set of data, e.g., mean, median, and mode.

    Psychology Facts

    • 1 in 5 people in France have experienced depression.
    • Internet trolls are often narcissistic, psychopathic, and sadistic.
    • Humans' minds wander 30% of the day.
    • Cats have almost twice as many neurons in their cortex as dogs.
    • Alfred Binet, the inventor of the first intelligence test, was trained as a lawyer.
    • Getting paid for doing something you like can make you less creative.
    • Negative reinforcement works better than punishment as a disciplinary measure.

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    Description

    Explore the importance of research in psychology, the research process, and interesting facts about the human mind and behavior.

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