Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the null hypothesis?
What is the null hypothesis?
- A statement that explains the causality of variables
- A statement that predicts a specific relationship between variables
- A statement that there is no relationship between variables (correct)
- A statement that describes the results of an experiment
What is the purpose of standardization in a research study?
What is the purpose of standardization in a research study?
- To ensure consistency and objectivity of how tests are administered (correct)
- To ensure that all variables are confounding variables
- To ensure that all tests are conducted in different conditions
- To ensure that all participants are aware of the research hypothesis
What is an operational definition?
What is an operational definition?
- A definition of how a variable is manipulated
- A definition of how a variable is related to other variables
- A definition of how a variable is measured or observed (correct)
- A definition of how a variable is controlled
What is the dependent variable in an experiment?
What is the dependent variable in an experiment?
What is a confounding variable?
What is a confounding variable?
What is the purpose of a control condition in an experiment?
What is the purpose of a control condition in an experiment?
What is the primary reason why research is necessary in understanding human nature?
What is the primary reason why research is necessary in understanding human nature?
What is the independent variable in an experiment?
What is the independent variable in an experiment?
What is the term used to describe the unconscious movement of a person's body parts, often observed in the use of a Ouija board?
What is the term used to describe the unconscious movement of a person's body parts, often observed in the use of a Ouija board?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of pseudoscience?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of pseudoscience?
What is the purpose of finding one case where the null hypothesis is not true?
What is the purpose of finding one case where the null hypothesis is not true?
According to the content, what percentage of the brain do humans use?
According to the content, what percentage of the brain do humans use?
What is the focus of the third step in the research process?
What is the focus of the third step in the research process?
What type of normality is based on cultural norms and values?
What type of normality is based on cultural norms and values?
What is the primary goal of research in psychology?
What is the primary goal of research in psychology?
What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where people's minds wander 30% of the day?
What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where people's minds wander 30% of the day?
What type of words need to be operationally defined in a research study?
What type of words need to be operationally defined in a research study?
What is the purpose of the null hypothesis in a research study?
What is the purpose of the null hypothesis in a research study?
Which of the following is a principle of falsifiability?
Which of the following is a principle of falsifiability?
What is the purpose of standardization in research?
What is the purpose of standardization in research?
According to the psychology fact, what is the effect of posting a calorie chart in fast food restaurants?
According to the psychology fact, what is the effect of posting a calorie chart in fast food restaurants?
What percentage of the U.S. population believes in psychic phenomena?
What percentage of the U.S. population believes in psychic phenomena?
Which of the following is an example of Occam's Razor?
Which of the following is an example of Occam's Razor?
What percentage of cases of sexual assault on college campuses involve alcohol?
What percentage of cases of sexual assault on college campuses involve alcohol?
What is the solution to experimenter bias in a study?
What is the solution to experimenter bias in a study?
Which type of research involves observing behavior in a natural environment?
Which type of research involves observing behavior in a natural environment?
What is the term for the tendency of a single value to describe a set of data?
What is the term for the tendency of a single value to describe a set of data?
What is the solution to selection bias in a study?
What is the solution to selection bias in a study?
What is the term for a study that evaluates a single case for a long time?
What is the term for a study that evaluates a single case for a long time?
What is the problem with volunteer bias in a study?
What is the problem with volunteer bias in a study?
What is the purpose of a blind study in a research design?
What is the purpose of a blind study in a research design?
What is the term for the average value of a dataset?
What is the term for the average value of a dataset?
What is the primary goal of basic research?
What is the primary goal of basic research?
What is the role of a confederate in an experiment?
What is the role of a confederate in an experiment?
What is the purpose of a theory in the research process?
What is the purpose of a theory in the research process?
What is the Hawthorne effect?
What is the Hawthorne effect?
What is the primary purpose of applied research?
What is the primary purpose of applied research?
What is the purpose of an empirical method in the research process?
What is the purpose of an empirical method in the research process?
What is the purpose of a placebo in an experiment?
What is the purpose of a placebo in an experiment?
What is the correct sequence of steps in the research process?
What is the correct sequence of steps in the research process?
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Study Notes
Research in Psychology
- Research is necessary to differentiate between intuition and scientific facts about human nature.
Need for Research
- Intuition and common sense may not be enough to provide accurate answers about human behavior.
- Examples of misconceptions: opposites attract, we use 10% of our brains, and crimes increase during a full moon.
Pseudoscience
- Presented as scientific but lacks scientific evidence.
- Characteristics: produces no advances in knowledge, disregards established facts, and lacks sound logic.
Normality
- Types of normality: statistical, cultural, subjective, idealistic, and clinical.
- Definition: varies depending on the context, e.g., statistical normality is what most people do.
Research Process
- Steps: describe, explain, predict, control, and improve.
- Types of research: basic, applied, and animal model.
- Importance of theory, experimentation, and empirical testing.
Research Process (continued)
- Hypothesis: statement that predicts the relationship between variables.
- Null hypothesis: statement that there is no relationship between variables.
- Alternative hypothesis: specific predictions of what will happen.
- Standardization: consistency and objectivity in administering tests.
Contamination
- Types of contamination: selection bias, placebo effect, experimenter bias, and volunteer bias.
- Solutions: random assignment, blind study, and double-blind study.
Research Types
- Reliable research: can be replicated.
- Valid research: measures what it should.
- Central tendency: measures that describe a set of data, e.g., mean, median, and mode.
Psychology Facts
- 1 in 5 people in France have experienced depression.
- Internet trolls are often narcissistic, psychopathic, and sadistic.
- Humans' minds wander 30% of the day.
- Cats have almost twice as many neurons in their cortex as dogs.
- Alfred Binet, the inventor of the first intelligence test, was trained as a lawyer.
- Getting paid for doing something you like can make you less creative.
- Negative reinforcement works better than punishment as a disciplinary measure.
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