Questions and Answers
What characterizes a situational crisis?
Which of the following IQ ranges corresponds to someone who is moderately gifted?
What is the Babinski response?
Which category do disorders characterized by outward-directed behavior fall into?
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What does 'profound gifted' signify in terms of IQ?
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What is a common symptom of neurodevelopmental disorders?
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What is an adventitious crisis?
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What defines an intellectual disability?
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Which disorder is characterized by both motor and vocal tics?
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What is a common physical feature associated with facial abnormalities in certain neurodevelopmental disorders?
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Which of the following conditions is associated with learning difficulties and poor social skills?
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Which of the following causes can lead to neurodevelopmental disorders?
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Fragile X Syndrome is an inherited condition that primarily affects what aspect of development?
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What term describes the disability that originates before the age of 18 and affects both reasoning and adaptive skills?
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Which symptom is NOT associated with behavioral issues in neurodevelopmental disorders?
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Indistinct philtrum, an underdeveloped groove, is commonly associated with which of the following?
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What behavior patterns must be exhibited for a diagnosis related to restricted and repetitive behavior?
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What is a notable challenge faced by individuals with marked distress regarding routines?
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Which of the following indicates a significant manifestation of inattention according to ADHD criteria?
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Which sensory-related behavior is mentioned in the context of behavioral patterns?
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Which of the following is not characteristic of restricted, repetitive behavior?
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What is necessary for a diagnosis of ADHD in individuals aged 17 or older?
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When must symptoms of ADHD be present for a diagnosis?
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Which of the following is a common symptom of restricted interests?
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What anatomical change is commonly observed in the lateral and third ventricles in patients with schizophrenia?
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Which brain region has shown a decrease in size based on studies of postmortem brain samples from schizophrenic patients?
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What is the primary characteristic of Provisional Tic Disorder?
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What is a significant finding regarding the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenic patients?
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Which of the following statements about chronic tic disorder is true?
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What range of neuronal and glial cell reduction has been observed in the thalamus of schizophrenic patients?
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When does the onset of motor tics typically occur for a diagnosis of Tourette syndrome?
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How may chronic tics in tic disorders change over time?
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Which type of delusion involves the belief that the individual is the only one capable of solving significant global issues?
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What characterizes Schizophreniform Disorder?
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Which delusion type is exemplified by believing that one's body is affected by external forces?
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In which stage do children typically idealize or idolize their heroes?
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What is a common misconception regarding the functioning of individuals with Schizophreniform Disorder?
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Which of the following delusions is characterized by believing that others are conspiring against them by sabotaging work?
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What differentiates schizoaffective disorder from mood disorders with psychotic episodes?
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Which type of delusion is NOT characterized by believing in an imminent catastrophe or negative event?
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Study Notes
Crisis
- A crisis signifies a temporary state of emotional disorganization.
- Types of crises include:
- Adventitious: catastrophic, unplanned events.
- Situational: external events disrupting personal equilibrium (job loss, death, financial change).
Plantar Reflex
- Elicited by stimulating the sole of the foot using a blunt instrument.
- Upward response termed the Babinski response.
Intellectual Giftedness
- Ranges based on IQ scores:
- 130-144: moderately gifted
- 145-159: highly gifted
- 160-179: exceptionally gifted
- 180+: profound gifted
- Terence Tao: IQ of 230, Christopher Herata: IQ of 225.
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Disorders affecting the development of the central nervous system.
- Manifest early and include neuropsychiatric problems, motor dysfunction, and learning disabilities.
ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder)
- Characterized by six or more inattentiveness signs for at least six months, affecting daily functioning.
- Symptoms persist into adulthood and include careless mistakes, distractibility, and restlessness.
Intellectual Disabilities
- Significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior before age 18.
- Impaired social skills, learning difficulties, and lack of imagination or curiosity.
Tic Disorders
- Types include:
- Tourette’s Disorder: multiple motor and vocal tics.
- Chronic Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder: persistent motor or vocal tics.
- Provisional Tic Disorder: temporary tics that do not last beyond a year.
Cognitive and Behavioral Impairments
- Neurodevelopmental issues may lead to externalizing disorders (aggressiveness, impulsivity) or internalizing disorders (depression, anxiety).
Genetic and Environmental Factors
- Causes of neurodevelopmental disorders include genetic factors, prenatal exposure to toxins, nutritional deficiencies, and trauma.
Language Disorders
- Expressive and mixed language disorders characterized by deficits in understanding or using language, affecting communication skills.
Schizophrenia and Related Disorders
- Symptoms like delusions can suggest several types of psychotic disorders, including persecutory or grandiose delusions.
- Schizophreniform: symptoms last between 1 to 6 months without social/occupational impairment.
Brain Structure in Schizophrenia
- CT scans reveal lateral and third ventricular enlargement and cortical reduction.
- Postmortem studies show changes in the limbic system and prefrontal cortex, indicating fundamental neurological impairments.
Treatment and Management
- No improvement in crisis individuals without proper interventions.
- Disorders are independent, and treatment is necessary for symptom alleviation.
Prognostic Features
- Good premorbid functioning is associated with better recovery outcomes in schizophreniform disorder, with many resuming normal lives after treatment.
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Description
Test your knowledge on various psychological concepts including crises, neurodevelopmental disorders, and intellectual giftedness. This quiz covers topics such as the types of crises, the plantar reflex, and ADHD characteristics. Challenge yourself to see how well you understand these important psychological principles.
