Psychology Quiz on Crises and Disorders
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Questions and Answers

What characterizes a situational crisis?

  • Any event that causes an increase in aggressive behavior
  • A sudden emotional breakdown due to unresolved past trauma
  • A crisis stemming from an individual's internal psychological issues
  • An external event that disturbs a person's equilibrium (correct)

    • Which of the following IQ ranges corresponds to someone who is moderately gifted?

  • 145 - 159
  • 180+
  • 130 - 144 (correct)
  • 160 - 179

    • What is the Babinski response?

  • A reflex causing the foot to retract quickly from a stimulus
  • A downward response of the toes when the foot is stimulated
  • An upward response (extension) when the sole of the foot is stimulated (correct)
  • A response characterized by curling of the toes

    • Which category do disorders characterized by outward-directed behavior fall into?

    <p>Externalizing Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'profound gifted' signify in terms of IQ?

    <p>180+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of neurodevelopmental disorders?

    <p>Social withdrawal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an adventitious crisis?

    <p>A disaster that is unplanned and accidentally occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines an intellectual disability?

    <p>Deficits in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is characterized by both motor and vocal tics?

    <p>Tourette’s Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common physical feature associated with facial abnormalities in certain neurodevelopmental disorders?

    <p>Flattened cheekbones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is associated with learning difficulties and poor social skills?

    <p>Intellectual Disabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following causes can lead to neurodevelopmental disorders?

    <p>Genetics and nutritional deficiencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fragile X Syndrome is an inherited condition that primarily affects what aspect of development?

    <p>Language acquisition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the disability that originates before the age of 18 and affects both reasoning and adaptive skills?

    <p>Intellectual Disabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT associated with behavioral issues in neurodevelopmental disorders?

    <p>Excessive imagination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Indistinct philtrum, an underdeveloped groove, is commonly associated with which of the following?

    <p>Facial abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What behavior patterns must be exhibited for a diagnosis related to restricted and repetitive behavior?

    <p>Stereotyped motor movements or excessive adherence to routines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable challenge faced by individuals with marked distress regarding routines?

    <p>Difficulty in being redirected from fixated interests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following indicates a significant manifestation of inattention according to ADHD criteria?

    <p>Not listening well and being easily distracted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sensory-related behavior is mentioned in the context of behavioral patterns?

    <p>Hyper- or hyporeactivity to sensory input</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not characteristic of restricted, repetitive behavior?

    <p>Interruption of daily routines with ease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary for a diagnosis of ADHD in individuals aged 17 or older?

    <p>Five signs of inattention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When must symptoms of ADHD be present for a diagnosis?

    <p>Before age 12 in two or more settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom of restricted interests?

    <p>Preoccupation with parts of objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical change is commonly observed in the lateral and third ventricles in patients with schizophrenia?

    <p>Enlargement of the ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain region has shown a decrease in size based on studies of postmortem brain samples from schizophrenic patients?

    <p>Limbic System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of Provisional Tic Disorder?

    <p>Temporary condition with brief repeated movements or noises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant finding regarding the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenic patients?

    <p>Anatomical abnormalities and functional deficits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about chronic tic disorder is true?

    <p>Chronic tics may be forms of Tourette syndrome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What range of neuronal and glial cell reduction has been observed in the thalamus of schizophrenic patients?

    <p>30 to 45 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does the onset of motor tics typically occur for a diagnosis of Tourette syndrome?

    <p>Before age 18</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How may chronic tics in tic disorders change over time?

    <p>They may wax and wane in frequency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of delusion involves the belief that the individual is the only one capable of solving significant global issues?

    <p>Grandiose type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes Schizophreniform Disorder?

    <p>Presence of schizophrenia symptoms for 1 to 6 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which delusion type is exemplified by believing that one's body is affected by external forces?

    <p>Somatic type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which stage do children typically idealize or idolize their heroes?

    <p>Hero worship stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception regarding the functioning of individuals with Schizophreniform Disorder?

    <p>They typically have good premorbid functioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following delusions is characterized by believing that others are conspiring against them by sabotaging work?

    <p>Persecutory type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates schizoaffective disorder from mood disorders with psychotic episodes?

    <p>Presence of distinct psychotic symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of delusion is NOT characterized by believing in an imminent catastrophe or negative event?

    <p>Grandiose type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Crisis

    • A crisis signifies a temporary state of emotional disorganization.
    • Types of crises include:
      • Adventitious: catastrophic, unplanned events.
      • Situational: external events disrupting personal equilibrium (job loss, death, financial change).

    Plantar Reflex

    • Elicited by stimulating the sole of the foot using a blunt instrument.
    • Upward response termed the Babinski response.

    Intellectual Giftedness

    • Ranges based on IQ scores:
      • 130-144: moderately gifted
      • 145-159: highly gifted
      • 160-179: exceptionally gifted
      • 180+: profound gifted
    • Terence Tao: IQ of 230, Christopher Herata: IQ of 225.

    Neurodevelopmental Disorders

    • Disorders affecting the development of the central nervous system.
    • Manifest early and include neuropsychiatric problems, motor dysfunction, and learning disabilities.

    ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder)

    • Characterized by six or more inattentiveness signs for at least six months, affecting daily functioning.
    • Symptoms persist into adulthood and include careless mistakes, distractibility, and restlessness.

    Intellectual Disabilities

    • Significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior before age 18.
    • Impaired social skills, learning difficulties, and lack of imagination or curiosity.

    Tic Disorders

    • Types include:
      • Tourette’s Disorder: multiple motor and vocal tics.
      • Chronic Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder: persistent motor or vocal tics.
      • Provisional Tic Disorder: temporary tics that do not last beyond a year.

    Cognitive and Behavioral Impairments

    • Neurodevelopmental issues may lead to externalizing disorders (aggressiveness, impulsivity) or internalizing disorders (depression, anxiety).

    Genetic and Environmental Factors

    • Causes of neurodevelopmental disorders include genetic factors, prenatal exposure to toxins, nutritional deficiencies, and trauma.

    Language Disorders

    • Expressive and mixed language disorders characterized by deficits in understanding or using language, affecting communication skills.
    • Symptoms like delusions can suggest several types of psychotic disorders, including persecutory or grandiose delusions.
    • Schizophreniform: symptoms last between 1 to 6 months without social/occupational impairment.

    Brain Structure in Schizophrenia

    • CT scans reveal lateral and third ventricular enlargement and cortical reduction.
    • Postmortem studies show changes in the limbic system and prefrontal cortex, indicating fundamental neurological impairments.

    Treatment and Management

    • No improvement in crisis individuals without proper interventions.
    • Disorders are independent, and treatment is necessary for symptom alleviation.

    Prognostic Features

    • Good premorbid functioning is associated with better recovery outcomes in schizophreniform disorder, with many resuming normal lives after treatment.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on various psychological concepts including crises, neurodevelopmental disorders, and intellectual giftedness. This quiz covers topics such as the types of crises, the plantar reflex, and ADHD characteristics. Challenge yourself to see how well you understand these important psychological principles.

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