18 Questions
What is the consequence of social desirability bias in research studies?
Biased results and reduced likelihood of replicability
What is a limitation of the artificial tasks and stimuli used in Loftus and Palmer's studies?
Lack of realism in the methodology
According to Johnson and Scott (1976), how does anxiety affect the accuracy of eyewitness testimony?
It has a negative effect
What is the term used to describe the physiological response to external pressures, characterized by increased heart rate and vasoconstriction of blood vessels?
Anxiety
What is the potential effect of anxiety on the accuracy of eyewitness testimony, according to Yuille and Cutshall?
Either positive or negative effect
What is the primary concern with the film clips of car crashes used in Loftus and Palmer's studies?
They are not realistic enough
What is a limitation of using the weapon focus effect to study anxiety's impact on eyewitness testimony?
It only tests for the effects of surprise.
What is a potential ethical issue with using distressing images in research on anxiety and eyewitness testimony?
It breaches the BPS guideline of protecting participants from psychological harm.
What is a challenge of using field studies to investigate anxiety's impact on eyewitness testimony?
They are susceptible to the biasing effects of extraneous variables.
What is a factor that can influence the accuracy of eyewitness testimony, aside from anxiety?
Post-event discussions.
What is a limitation of laboratory studies on anxiety and eyewitness testimony?
They are highly controlled and lack ecological validity.
What is a factor that can increase the accuracy of eyewitness testimony, according to Pickel's study?
Unusualness of the event.
What is a limitation of interference studies in terms of their duration?
They are often conducted in very short spaces of time, not reflecting everyday life.
What is the primary difference between context-dependent and state-dependent forgetting?
One is related to internal cues, the other to external cues.
What is the main idea behind the encoding specificity principle (ESP)?
Recall is only possible when cues at encoding match those at recall.
What is the main criticism of interference studies in terms of their ecological validity?
They are too artificial and do not reflect everyday life.
What was the main finding of Godden and Baddeley's (1975) study with deep-water divers?
Recall was significantly better in matching conditions.
What is the primary explanation for forgetting in the retrieval failure model?
The lack of cues at recall.
Test your understanding of anxiety and arousal in psychology, including the factors that contribute to them and the limitations of certain effects. Explore how cognitive, behavioral, and emotional factors influence arousal and how they relate to anxiety.
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