Psychology Personality Theories Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What does the concept of person-situation interaction primarily examine?

  • The consistency of behaviors in non-social contexts.
  • The relationship between biological traits and learned behaviors.
  • The interplay between environmental factors and personal behaviors. (correct)
  • The stability of traits across different cultures.

    • Why do some traits fail to predict behavior across different situations?

  • Because situational factors can alter behavior. (correct)
  • Because personality is inherently unstable.
  • Because situations can be misleading.
  • Because traits vary based on biological differences.

    • Which theorist is associated with identifying both 36 surface traits and 16 source traits?

  • McCrae
  • Allport
  • Cattell (correct)
  • Eysenck

    • What factor is least likely to influence the consistency of a personality trait?

    <p>Cognitive abilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on Cattell's research, what are source traits primarily considered?

    <p>Underlying dimensions that explain surface traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary assertion of the social-cognitive approach regarding personality?

    <p>It is influenced by both environmental factors and cognitive patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trait is most likely influenced by daily situations rather than biological predisposition?

    <p>Mood states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do traits typically behave across different cultures according to the information provided?

    <p>Some traits are more consistent than others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trait is considered the foundation of a person's personality in Gordon Allport's Trait Theory?

    <p>Central traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of traits did Raymond Cattell identify as being less stable and more situational?

    <p>Surface traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Hans Eysenck's PEN model, which of the following pairs of traits measures a person's emotional stability?

    <p>Emotional stability/Neuroticism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trait is NOT one of the five core dimensions identified by Costa and McCrae?

    <p>Psychoticism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many source traits did Raymond Cattell identify in his Factor Analytic Trait Theory?

    <p>16</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Eysenck's model, which of the following describes tendencies towards impulsiveness and disregard for others?

    <p>Psychoticism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the core focus of Gordon Allport's Trait Theory?

    <p>Unique traits that define individuality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of secondary traits in Allport's Trait Theory?

    <p>They display variability depending on the situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What psychological phenomenon is associated with the oral stage of development according to Freud?

    <p>Oral fixation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of Freud's psychosexual development is characterized by a focus on social pursuits rather than sexual impulses?

    <p>Latent stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible outcome of fixation during the anal stage of development?

    <p>Anal-retentiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the fulfillment of natural potential in humans?

    <p>Self-actualization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which stage does sexuality reappear according to Freud's theory?

    <p>Genital stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Maslow, which needs are prioritized at the bottom of the hierarchy?

    <p>Physical or biological needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect did Neo-Freudians emphasize less than Freud when explaining personality?

    <p>Instinctual impulses of aggression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complex refers to a child's unconscious attraction to its opposite-sex parent during the phallic stage?

    <p>Oedipus complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Carl Rogers introduce that reflects a built-in motive for personal fulfillment?

    <p>Actualizing tendency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might lead to homosexual intimate relations in adulthood according to Freud's theory?

    <p>Attractions to same-sex parents in the phallic stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences the degree to which individuals conform to societal norms and standards according to Rogers?

    <p>Conditions of worth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way did Neo-Freudians diverge from Freud regarding the causes of personality?

    <p>They focused more on social and cultural influences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when children receive unconditional acceptance from their parents?

    <p>They accept themselves without distortion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a child perceive their worth when raised with conditions of worth communicated by parents?

    <p>They believe their worth is based on achievements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the process of evolving into a self-concept involve according to Rogers?

    <p>Realization of independent self</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a parent communicates that they value good grades, what is likely to occur in a child's self-perception?

    <p>The child will see themselves as a 'good student'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major criticism of the humanistic approach according to its critics?

    <p>It is too optimistic regarding human motivations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is primarily used to gather data in the humanistic approach?

    <p>Self-statements from clients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Rogers, which element is essential for achieving self-actualization?

    <p>Unconditional positive regard.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do critics of the humanistic approach caution about its concepts?

    <p>They lack clear definitions and scientific validity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main focuses of the humanistic approach compared to earlier psychological models?

    <p>Focus on the individual's potential.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is considered a limitation of using self-statements as a data source?

    <p>They may lack reliability and validity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the acceptance and love received without conditions, as per Rogers' beliefs?

    <p>Unconditional positive regard.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the characteristics of personality inventories?

    <p>They are objective self-report forms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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