Psychology Personality Theories Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What does the concept of person-situation interaction primarily examine?

  • The consistency of behaviors in non-social contexts.
  • The relationship between biological traits and learned behaviors.
  • The interplay between environmental factors and personal behaviors. (correct)
  • The stability of traits across different cultures.

Why do some traits fail to predict behavior across different situations?

  • Because situational factors can alter behavior. (correct)
  • Because personality is inherently unstable.
  • Because situations can be misleading.
  • Because traits vary based on biological differences.

Which theorist is associated with identifying both 36 surface traits and 16 source traits?

  • McCrae
  • Allport
  • Cattell (correct)
  • Eysenck

What factor is least likely to influence the consistency of a personality trait?

<p>Cognitive abilities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on Cattell's research, what are source traits primarily considered?

<p>Underlying dimensions that explain surface traits. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary assertion of the social-cognitive approach regarding personality?

<p>It is influenced by both environmental factors and cognitive patterns. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which trait is most likely influenced by daily situations rather than biological predisposition?

<p>Mood states. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do traits typically behave across different cultures according to the information provided?

<p>Some traits are more consistent than others. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which trait is considered the foundation of a person's personality in Gordon Allport's Trait Theory?

<p>Central traits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of traits did Raymond Cattell identify as being less stable and more situational?

<p>Surface traits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Hans Eysenck's PEN model, which of the following pairs of traits measures a person's emotional stability?

<p>Emotional stability/Neuroticism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which trait is NOT one of the five core dimensions identified by Costa and McCrae?

<p>Psychoticism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many source traits did Raymond Cattell identify in his Factor Analytic Trait Theory?

<p>16 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Eysenck's model, which of the following describes tendencies towards impulsiveness and disregard for others?

<p>Psychoticism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the core focus of Gordon Allport's Trait Theory?

<p>Unique traits that define individuality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of secondary traits in Allport's Trait Theory?

<p>They display variability depending on the situation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What psychological phenomenon is associated with the oral stage of development according to Freud?

<p>Oral fixation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of Freud's psychosexual development is characterized by a focus on social pursuits rather than sexual impulses?

<p>Latent stage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible outcome of fixation during the anal stage of development?

<p>Anal-retentiveness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the fulfillment of natural potential in humans?

<p>Self-actualization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At which stage does sexuality reappear according to Freud's theory?

<p>Genital stage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Maslow, which needs are prioritized at the bottom of the hierarchy?

<p>Physical or biological needs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect did Neo-Freudians emphasize less than Freud when explaining personality?

<p>Instinctual impulses of aggression (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What complex refers to a child's unconscious attraction to its opposite-sex parent during the phallic stage?

<p>Oedipus complex (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept did Carl Rogers introduce that reflects a built-in motive for personal fulfillment?

<p>Actualizing tendency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might lead to homosexual intimate relations in adulthood according to Freud's theory?

<p>Attractions to same-sex parents in the phallic stage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What influences the degree to which individuals conform to societal norms and standards according to Rogers?

<p>Conditions of worth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way did Neo-Freudians diverge from Freud regarding the causes of personality?

<p>They focused more on social and cultural influences. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when children receive unconditional acceptance from their parents?

<p>They accept themselves without distortion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a child perceive their worth when raised with conditions of worth communicated by parents?

<p>They believe their worth is based on achievements. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the process of evolving into a self-concept involve according to Rogers?

<p>Realization of independent self (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a parent communicates that they value good grades, what is likely to occur in a child's self-perception?

<p>The child will see themselves as a 'good student'. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major criticism of the humanistic approach according to its critics?

<p>It is too optimistic regarding human motivations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is primarily used to gather data in the humanistic approach?

<p>Self-statements from clients. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Rogers, which element is essential for achieving self-actualization?

<p>Unconditional positive regard. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do critics of the humanistic approach caution about its concepts?

<p>They lack clear definitions and scientific validity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main focuses of the humanistic approach compared to earlier psychological models?

<p>Focus on the individual's potential. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is considered a limitation of using self-statements as a data source?

<p>They may lack reliability and validity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the acceptance and love received without conditions, as per Rogers' beliefs?

<p>Unconditional positive regard. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the characteristics of personality inventories?

<p>They are objective self-report forms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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