Psychology Personality Test Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

Who proposed psychology's first theory of personality?

  • Karen Horney
  • Sigmund Freud (correct)
  • Carl Jung
  • Alfred Adler
  • What are the three regions of the iceberg personality model?

    Conscious, precocious, unconscious

    What does the ID represent in Freud's model of personality?

    Unconscious drives for immediate gratification

    What is the role of the superego?

    <p>Our conscious and morals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the ego in personality?

    <p>Mediator between ID and superego</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is repression in psychological terms?

    <p>Keeping an emotion or idea stored to avoid anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does regression mean in psychology?

    <p>Acting immature to cope with problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define denial in a psychological context.

    <p>Refusing to accept the truth of a distressing fact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is reaction formation?

    <p>Expressing the opposite feelings to hide true feelings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does projection mean in psychology?

    <p>Attributing one's own negative traits to others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is rationalization?

    <p>Creating a logical alternative to an anxiety-causing fact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is displacement in psychology?

    <p>Redirecting blame to the wrong target</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are the Neo-Freudians?

    <p>Psychologists who agree with Freud's basic ideas but disagree on specifics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Alfred Adler believe about childhood experiences?

    <p>They affect personality development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Carl Jung introduce?

    <p>Collective unconscious</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Karen Horney's view on personality development?

    <p>Social variables shape personality, not just biological factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a projective test?

    <p>A psychological test using ambiguous stimuli to explore the unconscious</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the TAT in psychology?

    <p>Thematic Apperception Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is inkblot testing used for?

    <p>Projecting unconscious thoughts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an objective test?

    <p>Written assessments that are more reliable than projective tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do personality inventories measure?

    <p>Feelings and behaviors through questionnaires</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the humanistic perspective in psychology?

    <p>Individual growth and personal choices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Abraham Maslow known for?

    <p>Hierarchy of needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept of unconditional positive regard?

    <p>Total acceptance of others despite their faults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the trait perspective focus on?

    <p>Patterns of behavior consistent across situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Gordon Allport?

    <p>A psychologist who emphasized studying personality in healthy individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Raymond Cattell known for?

    <p>Factor analysis and identifying 16 distinct personality traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Big 5 personality traits refer to?

    <p>Conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, extroversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Sigmund Freud

    • Developed the first psychological theory of personality.
    • Introduced key concepts like the ID, ego, and superego.

    Iceberg Personality

    • Divided into three regions: conscious, preconscious, and unconscious.
    • Most of the mind operates below the surface, hidden from awareness.

    ID

    • Functions in the unconscious mind.
    • Driven by the desire for immediate gratification.
    • Ignores societal norms and others' needs.

    Superego

    • Represents our moral compass and conscience.
    • Focuses on ideals and perfection.

    Ego

    • Acts as a mediator between the ID and superego.
    • Operates on the reality principle.

    Repression

    • Involves keeping distressing emotions or thoughts in the unconscious.
    • Serves as a short-term coping mechanism.

    Regression

    • A defense mechanism where individuals revert to childlike behaviors in response to stress.
    • Demonstrates the stages of personality development.

    Denial

    • Refusal to acknowledge unpleasant truths or facts.
    • A common form of psychological defense.

    Reaction Formation

    • Involves expressing the opposite of one's true feelings.
    • Protects the psyche from discomfort by altering behavior towards others.

    Projection

    • A defense mechanism in which individuals project their unfavorable traits onto others.
    • Results in hypocrisy, where one criticizes others for behaviors they exhibit themselves.

    Rationalization

    • The process of providing logical-sounding explanations to justify actions or feelings.
    • Masks underlying anxiety-causing realities.

    Displacement

    • Redirecting emotions or blame from the true source to a safer target.

    Neo-Freudians

    • Acceptance of Freud's main ideas but disagreement on specific concepts.
    • Explore social and environmental influences on personality.

    Alfred Adler

    • Emphasized the impact of childhood experiences on personality development.
    • Developed the concept of the inferiority complex.

    Carl Jung

    • Proposed the idea of a collective unconscious, containing shared ancestral memories.
    • Suggested that evolutionary history plays a role in shaping behavior.

    Karen Horney

    • Criticized Freud's emphasis on male dominance in personality development.
    • Argued that social and cultural factors shape personality more significantly than biology.

    Projective Test

    • A method used to reveal subconscious memories and feelings through ambiguous stimuli.

    TAT (Thematic Apperception Test)

    • A projective psychological test that assesses personality through storytelling based on pictures.

    Inkblot Test

    • Utilizes ambiguous images to gauge unconscious thoughts and feelings.

    Objective Test

    • Involves standardized written assessments like multiple-choice or true/false questions.
    • Considered more accurate and reliable than projective tests.

    Personality Inventories

    • Questionnaires designed to assess individuals' feelings and behaviors.

    Humanistic Perspective

    • Focuses on personal growth, individual choices, and the importance of free will.
    • Studies both healthy and “sick” individuals to understand behavior.

    Abraham Maslow

    • Developed the hierarchy of needs, ranging from basic physiological needs to self-actualization.
    • Emphasizes that higher-level needs cannot be pursued until basic needs are met.

    Carl Rogers

    • Introduced the concept of unconditional positive regard, advocating for total acceptance.
    • Believed this acceptance leads to positive self-development and self-actualization.

    Trait Perspective

    • Describes personality as a stable pattern of behaviors across various situations.

    Gordon Allport

    • Critiqued Freud’s focus on the unconscious, suggesting personality should be studied in healthy individuals.
    • Developed an extensive list of unique personality descriptors.

    Raymond Cattell

    • Utilized factor analysis to identify relationships among traits.
    • Established 16 key personality traits based on his research.

    Big Five Traits

    • The five most recognized personality traits globally: Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Neuroticism, Openness, and Extroversion.
    • Defined by psychologist Lewis Goldberg as a framework for understanding personality.

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    Description

    Explore key concepts in psychology with these flashcards focused on personality theories. Delve into the foundational ideas proposed by Sigmund Freud and understand the components of personality such as the id, ego, and superego. Perfect for students and enthusiasts looking to clarify their knowledge in personality psychology.

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