Psychology of Thought Disorders
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Questions and Answers

What is the term for a sudden arrest of the train of thought, leaving a 'blank'?

  • Delusions
  • Neologism
  • Clang associations
  • Thought block (correct)

    • What type of delusion involves believing that someone's spouse or partner is having an affair with someone?

  • Persecutory delusion
  • Neologism
  • Delusion of Jealousy (correct)
  • Overvalued Ideas

    • What is the term for the use of novel words or of existing words in a novel fashion?

  • Clang associations
  • Neologism (correct)
  • Thought block
  • Delusions

    • What is the primary goal of assessing suicidal ideation/homicidal ideation?

    <p>To identify if the patient has a plan and means to harm themselves or others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for speech based on sound, such as rhyming and punning?

    <p>Clang associations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of delusion involves believing that others are trying to inflict harm?

    <p>Persecutory delusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a false, unshakeable belief that is out of keeping with the patient's social and cultural background?

    <p>Delusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of assessing thought content?

    <p>To diagnose delusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the major motivations for homicide according to the content?

    <p>Morbid jealousy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the delusion where the patient believes they are loved by someone inaccessible?

    <p>De Clerambault’s Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of delusions involves false beliefs of a religious nature?

    <p>Religious delusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of delusion involves the idea that objects or events have a personal significance for the patient?

    <p>Delusions of Reference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the delusion that some thoughts have been implanted by an outside agency?

    <p>Thought Insertion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the delusion that thoughts have taken out of one's mind?

    <p>Thought Withdrawal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of delusions involve exaggerated beliefs of self-importance?

    <p>Grandiose delusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the delusion that one's unspoken thoughts are known to other people?

    <p>Thought Broadcasting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of extracampine hallucinations?

    <p>Perceiving a sensation from beyond the limits of the sense organ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hallucination involves a stimulus in one sensory modality causing a hallucination in a different sensory modality?

    <p>Reflex hallucinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of hypnogogic and hypnopompic hallucinations?

    <p>They are brief and elementary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is depersonalization?

    <p>A feeling that his body parts are abnormal, unreal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cognitive function involved in orientation?

    <p>Knowing who they are, where they are, and what the time and date are</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is immediate memory?

    <p>An assessment of attention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is short-term memory typically tested?

    <p>By asking patients to recall the names of three unrelated objects after a few minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cognition?

    <p>The ability to use intellect, thought, and ideas to comprehend inner and outer realities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be an alternative explanation for a patient's inability to recall objects after 3-5 minutes?

    <p>Inattention or amotivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aspect of attention?

    <p>Ability to sustain interest in a stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 'serial 7s' task in assessing cognitive function?

    <p>To evaluate attention and concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a concrete answer in abstract thinking?

    <p>An apple and an orange are both round</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of assessing abstract thinking?

    <p>To identify the ability to analyze information and identify themes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a task that can be used to assess long-term memory?

    <p>Recalling events in recent months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is proverb interpretation used to assess?

    <p>Abstract thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between attention and concentration?

    <p>Attention is the ability to sustain interest, while concentration is the ability to maintain mental effort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the phrase 'Don't count your chickens before they hatch' mean?

    <p>Don't be prematurely expecting something that might not happen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the assessment of insight in a psychiatric evaluation?

    <p>Whether patients recognize that they are ill and comprehend that their problems are deviations from normal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key aspect of judgment in a psychiatric evaluation?

    <p>The patient's ability to make good decisions and act on them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of nonverbal communication and observation in a psychiatric evaluation?

    <p>It is crucial in assessing the patient's insight and judgment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the level of insight that a patient may have if they recognize their symptoms but do not comprehend their treatment plan?

    <p>Partial insight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of asking a patient 'What would you do if you found a stamped envelope on the sidewalk?' in a psychiatric evaluation?

    <p>To assess the patient's judgment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between insight and judgment in a psychiatric evaluation?

    <p>A patient may have no insight but have good judgment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of assessing a patient's insight in a psychiatric evaluation?

    <p>To understand the patient's perspective on their illness and its potential causes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Thought Process

    • Neologism: using novel words or existing words in a novel fashion
    • Thought block: sudden arrest of the train of thought, leaving a "blank"
    • Clang associations: speech based on sound, such as rhyming and punning (e.g., "My car is red. I've been in bed. It hurts my head.")

    Thought Content

    • Suicidal ideation/homicidal ideation:
      • Ask if the patient feels like harming themselves or others
      • Identify if the plan is well-formulated
      • Ask if the patient has an intent (e.g., if released right now, would they go and harm themselves or others?)
      • Ask if the patient has means to kill themselves (e.g., firearms in the house, multiple prescription bottles)
    • Delusions:
      • False, unshakeable belief that is out of keeping with the patient's social and cultural background
      • Themes of delusion:
        • Persecutory (paranoid): others/organizations trying to inflict harm on the patient
        • Delusion of jealousy: common in men, may develop gradually, delusion of unfaithfulness of spouse (infidelity)
        • Delusion of love "erotomania" (De Clerambault's Syndrome): being loved by a man who is inaccessible, high status, never spoken before, unable to reveal his love for her
        • Grandiose (expansive): beliefs of exaggerated self-importance (e.g., wealth, special powers, beauty)
        • Religious delusions: preoccupation with false beliefs of a religious nature
        • Delusions of reference: idea that objects/events/people have a personal significance for the patient
        • Delusion of guilt and worthlessness: e.g., minor past faults will be exposed, being sinful, deserves to be punished
        • Nihilistic delusion: belief about non-existence of some person/thing + pessimistic ideas (e.g., career is gone, Cotard's Syndrome: failures of bodily functions)
        • Hypochondriacal delusions: belief of ill health despite contrary medical evidence

    Disorders of Thought Possession

    • Thought insertion: delusion that some thoughts have been implanted by an outside agency
    • Thought withdrawal: delusion that thoughts have been taken out of the patient's mind
    • Thought broadcasting: delusion that the patient's unspoken thoughts are known to other people

    Thought Content

    • Overvalued ideas: ideas held with a lot of emotion but with some degree of ambivalence and doubts about the belief
    • Extracampine hallucinations: perceiving a sensation from beyond the limits of the sense organ (e.g., visions from outside visual field, hearing voices from far away)
    • Reflex hallucinations: stimulus in one sensory modality causing a hallucination in a different sensory modality (e.g., music causing visual hallucination)
    • Hypnogogic and hypnopompic hallucinations: occurs at the point of falling to or waking from sleep, usually brief and elementary

    Other Perceptual Disturbances

    • Depersonalization: a feeling that the patient's body parts are abnormal, unreal
    • Derealization: a feeling that the external environment is abnormal, unreal

    Cognition

    • The ability to use intellect, thought, and ideas to comprehend inner and outer realities
    • A combination of cortical functions is involved in cognition, including language, memory, attention, perception, judgment, reasoning, and recognition

    Orientation

    • Orientation to person, place, and time is a basic cognitive function
    • Patients should know who they are, where they are, and what the time and date are

    Memory

    • Immediate memory: essentially an assessment of attention, tested by asking patients to repeat the names of three unrelated objects
    • Short-term memory: typically tested by asking the patient to recall the three objects after a few minutes
    • Long-term memory: assessed through the patient's ability to accurately recall events in recent months and throughout the course of a lifetime

    Attention and Concentration

    • Attention: the ability to sustain interest in a stimulus
    • Concentration: the ability to maintain mental effort
    • Tested using tasks such as counting backward by 7s, spelling "world" backward, and reciting the months backward

    Abstract Thinking

    • The capacity to conceptualize meanings of words beyond the most literal interpretation
    • Includes the ability to analyze information according to themes, to generalize according to categories, to appreciate double meanings, to make comparisons, to hypothesize, and to reason using deductive and inductive thinking
    • Tested using approaches such as identifying similarities and interpreting proverbs

    Insight

    • The patient's understanding of how they are feeling, presenting, and functioning, as well as the potential causes of their psychiatric presentation
    • Assessment of insight focuses on whether patients recognize that they are ill, comprehend that their problems are deviations from normal, understand that their behavior may affect others, and appreciate that treatment may be helpful in alleviating symptoms

    Judgment

    • The person's capacity to make good decisions and act on them
    • The level of judgment may or may not correlate to the level of insight
    • Tested using scenarios such as "What would you do if you found a stamped envelope on the sidewalk?"

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    Description

    This quiz assesses your understanding of thought disorders, including neologism, thought block, and clang associations. It also covers suicidal ideation, homicidal ideation, and delusions.

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