Psychology of Sleep and Consciousness
21 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which stage of sleep is characterized by large, regular delta waves and a deep state of relaxation?

  • Stage N1
  • Stage N2
  • Stage R or REM
  • Stage N3 (correct)

    • What is the primary function of the circadian rhythm?

  • To trigger hypnic jerks in Stage N1 sleep
  • To regulate sleep stages
  • To regulate biological cycles into regular, daily patterns (correct)
  • To control muscle movement during REM sleep

    • Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of REM sleep?

  • Rapid eye movements
  • Dreaming
  • Paralysis of the motor system
  • Slow, regular brain waves (correct)

    • What is the estimated percentage of adults who experience insomnia?

    <p>10-30% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are REM dreams often considered to be more bizarre than non-REM dreams?

    <p>They are more vivid, hallucinogenic, and emotional (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common experience associated with Stage N1 sleep?

    <p>Hypnic jerks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is TRUE about the relationship between sleep and consciousness?

    <p>Different stages of sleep involve varied levels of brain activity and consciousness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average amount of time a person spends dreaming throughout their life?

    <p>6 years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of stimulants on the nervous system?

    <p>They increase nervous system activity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of depressants in large doses?

    <p>They can cause sleep. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is classified as an opiate?

    <p>Heroin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do hallucinogens primarily affect perception?

    <p>They alter sensation and perception. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What long-term effect can methamphetamine use have on the brain?

    <p>Damages the frontal lobes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group is more likely to experience insomnia?

    <p>Older adults (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is often an effective treatment for insomnia?

    <p>Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes sleep apnea?

    <p>Cessation of breathing during sleep (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of excessive sleepiness during normal waking hours?

    <p>Narcolepsy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the sociocognitive theory of hypnosis, hypnotized individuals are viewed as:

    <p>Simple responders to suggestion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of meditation emphasizes focusing on an object or mantra?

    <p>Concentrative meditation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of mindfulness meditation?

    <p>Paying attention to the present moment without judgment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do psychoactive drugs primarily affect the brain?

    <p>By activating neurotransmitter systems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Circadian Rhythm

    Biological cycles that follow a 24-hour pattern, regulating physical and mental changes.

    Stage N1 Sleep

    Light sleep stage occurring just after falling asleep, lasting under 10 minutes.

    Stage N2 Sleep

    Stage where a person is easily awakened, lasting 30-60 minutes and constituting 45-55% of total sleep.

    Stage N3 Sleep

    Deep sleep stage where waking is difficult, marked by delta waves and relaxation.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    REM Sleep

    Stage of sleep with rapid eye movements, dreaming, and increased brain activity.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    REM Dreams

    Bizarre, vivid, emotional dreams occurring during REM sleep.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Non-REM Dreams

    Normal, less vivid dreams that feel like everyday life, occurring in non-REM sleep.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Insomnia

    Sleep disorder characterized by a consistent inability to sleep, affecting 10-30% of adults.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

    A therapeutic approach effective in treating insomnia by changing habits and thought patterns.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Sleep Apnea

    A sleep disorder where breathing stops temporarily, resulting in frequent nighttime awakenings.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Narcolepsy

    A neurological disorder causing excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden sleep attacks.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Hypnosis

    A trance-like state where a person is highly responsive to suggestions, affecting memory and perception.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Sociocognitive Theory

    Suggests that hypnosis is not an altered state but a response to social expectations.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Meditation

    A practice focused on deep contemplation, often leading to altered states of consciousness and calmness.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Psychoactive Drugs

    Substances that alter brain function by affecting neurotransmitter systems, altering mood and perception.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Stimulants

    Drugs that increase nervous system activity, enhancing mental and physical processes.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Methamphetamine

    A powerful stimulant that blocks dopamine reuptake, damaging the frontal lobes over time.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Depressants

    Drugs that decrease nervous system activity; in large doses, they can cause sleep.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Opiates

    Psychoactive drugs like heroin and morphine that reduce pain and induce pleasurable feelings.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Hallucinogens

    Psychoactive drugs that alter perception and evoke sensory images without actual input, like LSD and mushrooms.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Study Notes

    Consciousness During Sleep

    • People often incorrectly believe the brain shuts down during sleep. Many brain regions are actually more active during sleep than wakefulness.

    Circadian Rhythms

    • Circadian rhythms regulate biological cycles (physical, mental, and behavioral) in a 24-hour cycle.
    • These rhythms are affected by light and darkness through a small area in the brain that controls them.

    Stages of Sleep

    Stage N1 Sleep

    • Light sleep.
    • Short duration (less than 10 minutes)
    • Occurs immediately after falling asleep.

    Stage N2 Sleep

    • Easily awakened.
    • 30-60 minutes in duration.
    • Represents 45-55% of total sleep time.

    Stage N3 Sleep

    • Deep sleep; hard to wake
    • Characterized by large, regular delta waves.
    • Muscles, pulse and breathing rate slow down during this stage.

    Stage R (REM) Sleep

    • Rapid eye movement, dreaming, paralysis of motor system.
    • Occurs approximately 90 minutes after falling asleep.
    • Brain activity is high (beta wave activity).
    • A person cycles through REM(and other stages) of sleep about five times throughout a typical night

    Dreaming During Sleep

    • Dreams are products of consciousness, where images and fantasies are confused with reality.
    • People spend an average of 6 years dreaming in their lives.
    • REM dreams are often bizarre, more elaborate, vivid, hallucinogenic, and emotional.
    • Non-REM dreams typically feel more normal and less vivid compared to REM dreams

    Sleep Disorders

    Insomnia

    • A repeated inability to sleep.
    • Affects 10-30% of adults.
    • More common in women and older adults
    • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is an effective approach to managing insomnia.

    Sleep Apnea

    • Breathing stops because the throat closes, causing frequent awakenings during the night.

    Narcolepsy

    • Characterized by excessive sleepiness during waking hours; sometimes accompanied by sudden muscle weakness (going limp).

    Altered States of Consciousness

    Hypnosis

    • Trance-like state.
    • A social interaction in which a person is more susceptible to suggestion, affecting memory, perception and voluntary actions.
    • Two theories of hypnosis exist:
      • Sociocognitive theory: Behaving as expected by others in such a state
      • Dissociation theory: People in an altered state of consciousness.

    Meditation

    • Intense contemplation leads to calmness, considered an altered state of consciousness
      • Concentrative Meditation: Focusing on an object or mantra
      • Mindfulness Meditation: Paying attention to the present moment without judgment.
      • Transcendental Meditation (TM): silently repeating a personal mantra for 15-20 minutes twice a day.

    Psychoactive Drugs and the Brain

    • Psychoactive drugs alter neurochemical systems, and can have both legitimate medical use and abuse potential.
    • Drugs can affect many mental and physical processes, for example
      • Stimulants: Increase nervous system activity, (e.g. affect dopamine reuptake).
      • Depressants: Decrease nervous system activity
      • Opiates: Reduce pain and produce pleasurable feelings
      • Hallucinogens: Alter sensation and perception

    Specific Examples of Psychoactive Drugs:

    • Methamphetamine (meth): Blocks dopamine reuptake, damaging frontal lobes.
    • Depressants: Decrease nervous system activity and can be sedatives. Alcohol is the most common depressant.
    • Opiates: Reduce pain and cause feelings of relaxation.
    • Hallucinogens: Alter sensation and perception; include MDMA (ecstasy), LSD, mushrooms, marijuana.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    How Does Sleep Affect Consciousness? PDF

    Description

    Explore the fascinating aspects of sleep and consciousness with this quiz. Learn about the brain's activity during different sleep stages and the role of circadian rhythms. Test your knowledge on sleep cycles, REM, and light sleep.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser