Psychology of Skill Memory and Learning

<p>The method of initial instruction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both talent and practice contribute to achieving expertise. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It involves learning without awareness by stumbling upon strategies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can learn skills without consciously being aware of their learning. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The number of times a skill has been physically performed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sleep enhances performance for skills learned on separate days and can also help when skills are learned in succession. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The loss of skill due to prolonged non-use. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interference from newly learned skills or the passage of time. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The model describes the transition from cognitive effort to automatic performance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The restriction of learned skills being applied only in specific situations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their inability to remember or access actions due to apraxia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parkinson's patients can still learn some skills that Huntington's patients cannot. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mood disorders (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Retrieval of how to perform skills (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parkinson's disease allows some skill learning that Huntington's disease does not. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduction in neurons in the brainstem (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Learning new perceptual and motor skills (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Difficulty with planning and sequencing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Implicit learning of procedural tasks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced ability to remember past actions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It plays a critical role in controlling and coordinating movements. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To initiate and control movements. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Practicing alters how basal ganglia circuits are involved in skill performance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Motor movement performance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurons that fire mostly at the start of movement. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhanced synaptic plasticity through varied experiences. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may enhance synaptic plasticity and memory consolidation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diminishment of synaptic connections due to lack of use. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It occurs without conscious awareness of performance changes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To mediate interactions between the basal ganglia and motor cortex. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Concentrated and continuous practice of a skill, leading to short-term performance improvements.

Practice sessions spread out over time, leading to better long-term skill retention.

Learning that occurs without conscious awareness, often through repeated performance of a task.

Improving a task through trial and error, by finding a better strategy without realizing it.

The retention and loss of learned motor skills; retention of perceptual motor skills is better than cognitive skills, and forgetting is most rapid after skill performance, then gradually decreases over time.

Loss of a skill due to lack of use.

New skill memories that interfere with previously learned skills, resulting in forgetting.

A model that describes three stages of skill acquisition: cognitive, associative, and autonomous.

Rapid, effortless motor movements. Remembering and performing these actions relies less on verbal memory of events or facts.

Essential for coordinated muscle activity and controlling movements crucial for skill memory.

Brain areas that process sensory information for skill learning.

A cluster of neurons in the forebrain base that gets input from cortical neurons.

Modulates (controls) motor actions but is not involved in remembering events or facts.

Practice changes how basal ganglia circuits work, altering neural mechanisms behind performance.

An experiment to understand neuron activation patterns during new skill learning, using tone signals for right turns.

Example of neuron firing patterns, with some activating most intensely at the start of the maze.

Different ways neurons fire during skills learning (e.g., starting the maze).

The basal ganglia sends information to the thalamus, which affects motor cortex activity.

Learned movement patterns guided by sensory inputs, like dancing or swimming.

Skills where responses are based on predictions about changes in the environment, like playing sports.

Skills where movements are predefined and performed in a controlled environment, like ballet or swimming laps.

Skills that involve using your brain to solve problems or apply strategies, like solving a puzzle.

Recognising that an object can be used as a tool is a cognitive skill, while actually using the tool involves both perceptual motor and cognitive skills.

A neurological disorder affecting the ability to perform purposeful movements despite having the physical ability to do so. Patients struggle with memory of actions rather than the physical action itself.

A progressive neurological disorder causing damage to brain neurons, especially in the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex. It's associated with problems in motor skills, memory, and planning.

A group of brain structures crucial for movement control and motor learning. Damage to this area impacts coordination and motor skills.

A neurological disorder causing problems with movement control and coordination due to damaged neurons in the brain stem affecting the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex. Symptoms include tremors and rigidity.

The ability to remember how to execute actions related to motor skills or actions.

The ability to learn and perform actions requiring a combination of sensory information and motor skills.

Outer layer of the brain; involved in higher-level cognitive functions like planning, learning, and complex movements and sensory information processing

Problems with storing and retrieving information. An example is the reduced ability to perform skills properly.

Problems in movement control, such as tremors or rigidity. Often caused by damage to areas of the brain involved in controlling movement.

Mental health issues associated with neurological disorders such as Huntington's disease, impacting mood, sexuality, and thinking.