Psychology of Second Language Acquisition
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Questions and Answers

Match the individual differences that may affect L2 outcomes:

Imaginative or creative = Advantageous for L2 learning Empathetic = Not relevant to L2 learning Tolerant of ambiguity = Advantageous for L2 learning Intolerant of ambiguity = Not advantageous for L2 learning

Match the factors that influence learning strategy selection:

Motivation = Influences learning strategy selection Cognitive style = Influences learning strategy selection Personality = Does not influence learning strategy selection Age = Influences learning strategy selection

Match the characteristics of effective learning strategies:

Culturally based = May be effective in some contexts Context-independent = Not effective in any context Inherently effective = More effective in some contexts Transferred from other domains = May be effective in language learning

Match the factors that affect differential L2 outcomes:

<p>Age = Affects differential L2 outcomes Sex = Affects differential L2 outcomes Aptitude = Affects differential L2 outcomes Language input = Does not affect differential L2 outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the influences on learning strategy selection:

<p>Context of use = Influences learning strategy selection Opportunities for learning = Influences learning strategy selection Educational system = Does not influence learning strategy selection Cultural socialization = Influences learning strategy selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the role of individual differences in L2 learning:

<p>Aptitude = Affects L2 learning outcomes Motivation = Affects L2 learning outcomes Learning style = Affects L2 learning outcomes Personality = Does not affect L2 learning outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the researchers with their contributions to the field of cognitive style:

<p>Witkin et al. = Introduced the field-dependent/field-independent distinction Chapelle and Green = Reviewed the application of FD/FI in SLA research Unknown = Identified the role of cognitive style in language learning None of the above = Developed the embedded figures test</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the cognitive style dimensions with their characteristics:

<p>Field-dependent = Difficulty disassembling visual stimuli and relying on external referents Field-independent = Ability to restructure visual stimuli and rely on internal referents None of the above = No correlation with L2 proficiency Both = Involve individual perceptual differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the cognitive tasks with their descriptions:

<p>Disassembling = Breaking down complex visual stimuli into simpler components Restructuring = Rearranging visual stimuli to form new patterns Internal referents = Relying on internal cognitive processes for guidance External referents = Relying on external cues for guidance</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the research areas with their focuses:

<p>SLA = Second Language Acquisition, including cognitive style and L2 learning Cognitive psychology = General cognitive processes and individual differences Linguistics = Language structure and syntax Education = Teaching methods and learning strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the test types with their purposes:

<p>Embedded figures test = Measuring field-dependent/field-independent cognitive style Language proficiency test = Assessing L2 learners' language abilities Cognitive style survey = Identifying individual differences in cognitive style Intelligence test = Assessing general intelligence or cognitive ability</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the cognitive style concepts with their implications for L2 learning:

<p>Field-dependent = May rely more on external guidance and feedback Field-independent = May rely more on internal cognitive processes and self-directed learning Cognitive style = Influences an individual's approaches to learning and problem-solving Learning strategies = May involve a combination of cognitive style and language learning strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following factors with their influence on language development:

<p>Age = Unclear correlation with L2 learning success Sex = No significant correlation with L2 learning success Aptitude = Strong correlation with L2 learning success Motivation = Positive correlation with L2 learning success</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following research approaches with their focus:

<p>Neurological representation studies = How language is organized in the brain Experimental studies = Cause-and-effect relationships in L2 learning Good language learner studies = Correlations between traits and successful SLA Surveys = Self-reported language learning experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following language learning contexts with their characteristics:

<p>Social contexts = Influence of social environments on L2 learning Linguistic perspective = Focus on language structures and rules Psychological perspective = Focus on individual differences in learners Neurological perspective = Focus on brain mechanisms in L2 learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following individual differences with their correlation with L2 learning success:

<p>Cognitive style = Weak correlation with L2 learning success Personality = Some correlation with L2 learning success Learning strategies = Strong correlation with L2 learning success Motivation = Positive correlation with L2 learning success</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following age-related findings with their implications for L2 learning:

<p>Children are more successful L2 learners = Debunked as a myth Adults are more successful L2 learners = Unsupported by evidence Age has no impact on L2 learning = Not entirely supported by evidence Age effects on L2 learning are complex = Supported by some evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following research methods with their focus:

<p>Experimental studies = Manipulating variables to identify cause-and-effect Correlational studies = Identifying relationships between traits and L2 learning success Case studies = In-depth examination of individual L2 learners Survey research = Self-reported language learning experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

The book 'Complex Systems and Applied Linguistics' provides an in-depth explanation of the cognitive neuroscience of language.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The study of complex systems in language development has been extensively explored in the field of SLA.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The book 'A Cognitive Approach to Language Learning' emphasizes the role of sociolinguistics in language learning.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The compilation of articles in 'Mind and Context in Adult Second Language Acquisition' explore the role of context in language learning.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Complexity Theory has been widely applied to first language acquisition.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The book 'Complex Systems and Applied Linguistics' provides a comprehensive overview of the history of complex systems.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The frequency of input has a strong deterministic role in language learning according to many linguists and psychologists.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Complexity Theory is also known as Dynamic Systems Theory or Complex Systems Theory in the field of SLA.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Repetition drills are still a common practice in language teaching.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Frequency of input is not a significant factor in language acquisition.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Complexity Theory focuses on the simplicity of language systems.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Researchers have thoroughly explored the role of frequency in SLA, and no further research is needed in this area.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The dynamic process takes into account the variable effects of communicative functions and opportunities in language development

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The claims of UG suggest that grammar rules are emergent properties of language usage

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Complex systems in nature, including language development, can be fully explained by top-down governance

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The dynamic process of language development is influenced by the intentions and acts of learners

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The structural relationships of L1 and L2 have no impact on language development

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Complexity Theory views language development as a static and rule-driven process

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The brain organization of the second language is significantly different from the first language.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Language Acquisition Device (LAD) is a concept that explains how second languages are learned.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The processes of learning a second language are similar to learning other complex knowledge and skills.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Age is not a significant factor in language-learning outcomes.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Motivation is not a significant factor in language-learning outcomes.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Individual cognitive factors can be fully assessed independently of the learner's social context.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Humans are inherently solitary creatures.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The psychology of Second Language Acquisition involves the study of language development as a static and rule-driven process.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The dynamic process of language development is not influenced by the intentions and acts of learners.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Frequency of input has no significant role in language learning.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

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