Psychology of Second Language Acquisition

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Match the individual differences that may affect L2 outcomes:

Imaginative or creative = Advantageous for L2 learning Empathetic = Not relevant to L2 learning Tolerant of ambiguity = Advantageous for L2 learning Intolerant of ambiguity = Not advantageous for L2 learning

Match the factors that influence learning strategy selection:

Motivation = Influences learning strategy selection Cognitive style = Influences learning strategy selection Personality = Does not influence learning strategy selection Age = Influences learning strategy selection

Match the characteristics of effective learning strategies:

Culturally based = May be effective in some contexts Context-independent = Not effective in any context Inherently effective = More effective in some contexts Transferred from other domains = May be effective in language learning

Match the factors that affect differential L2 outcomes:

Age = Affects differential L2 outcomes Sex = Affects differential L2 outcomes Aptitude = Affects differential L2 outcomes Language input = Does not affect differential L2 outcomes Signup and view all the answers

Match the influences on learning strategy selection:

Context of use = Influences learning strategy selection Opportunities for learning = Influences learning strategy selection Educational system = Does not influence learning strategy selection Cultural socialization = Influences learning strategy selection Signup and view all the answers

Match the role of individual differences in L2 learning:

Aptitude = Affects L2 learning outcomes Motivation = Affects L2 learning outcomes Learning style = Affects L2 learning outcomes Personality = Does not affect L2 learning outcomes Signup and view all the answers

Match the researchers with their contributions to the field of cognitive style:

Witkin et al. = Introduced the field-dependent/field-independent distinction Chapelle and Green = Reviewed the application of FD/FI in SLA research Unknown = Identified the role of cognitive style in language learning None of the above = Developed the embedded figures test Signup and view all the answers

Match the cognitive style dimensions with their characteristics:

Field-dependent = Difficulty disassembling visual stimuli and relying on external referents Field-independent = Ability to restructure visual stimuli and rely on internal referents None of the above = No correlation with L2 proficiency Both = Involve individual perceptual differences Signup and view all the answers

Match the cognitive tasks with their descriptions:

Disassembling = Breaking down complex visual stimuli into simpler components Restructuring = Rearranging visual stimuli to form new patterns Internal referents = Relying on internal cognitive processes for guidance External referents = Relying on external cues for guidance Signup and view all the answers

Match the research areas with their focuses:

SLA = Second Language Acquisition, including cognitive style and L2 learning Cognitive psychology = General cognitive processes and individual differences Linguistics = Language structure and syntax Education = Teaching methods and learning strategies Signup and view all the answers

Match the test types with their purposes:

Embedded figures test = Measuring field-dependent/field-independent cognitive style Language proficiency test = Assessing L2 learners' language abilities Cognitive style survey = Identifying individual differences in cognitive style Intelligence test = Assessing general intelligence or cognitive ability Signup and view all the answers

Match the cognitive style concepts with their implications for L2 learning:

Field-dependent = May rely more on external guidance and feedback Field-independent = May rely more on internal cognitive processes and self-directed learning Cognitive style = Influences an individual's approaches to learning and problem-solving Learning strategies = May involve a combination of cognitive style and language learning strategies Signup and view all the answers

Match the following factors with their influence on language development:

Age = Unclear correlation with L2 learning success Sex = No significant correlation with L2 learning success Aptitude = Strong correlation with L2 learning success Motivation = Positive correlation with L2 learning success Signup and view all the answers

Match the following research approaches with their focus:

Neurological representation studies = How language is organized in the brain Experimental studies = Cause-and-effect relationships in L2 learning Good language learner studies = Correlations between traits and successful SLA Surveys = Self-reported language learning experiences Signup and view all the answers

Match the following language learning contexts with their characteristics:

Social contexts = Influence of social environments on L2 learning Linguistic perspective = Focus on language structures and rules Psychological perspective = Focus on individual differences in learners Neurological perspective = Focus on brain mechanisms in L2 learning Signup and view all the answers

Match the following individual differences with their correlation with L2 learning success:

Cognitive style = Weak correlation with L2 learning success Personality = Some correlation with L2 learning success Learning strategies = Strong correlation with L2 learning success Motivation = Positive correlation with L2 learning success Signup and view all the answers

Match the following age-related findings with their implications for L2 learning:

Children are more successful L2 learners = Debunked as a myth Adults are more successful L2 learners = Unsupported by evidence Age has no impact on L2 learning = Not entirely supported by evidence Age effects on L2 learning are complex = Supported by some evidence Signup and view all the answers

Match the following research methods with their focus:

Experimental studies = Manipulating variables to identify cause-and-effect Correlational studies = Identifying relationships between traits and L2 learning success Case studies = In-depth examination of individual L2 learners Survey research = Self-reported language learning experiences Signup and view all the answers