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What is perception?
Perception is the set of processes by which we recognize, organize, and make sense of the sensations we receive from environmental stimuli.
Which approaches to perception are mentioned in the text?
Perception encompasses many psychological ____.
phenomena
In the bottom-up theories of perception, perception starts with high-level cognitive processes.
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Match the theories of form and pattern perception with their descriptions:
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Which brain regions are activated when people are asked to judge the length of the lines in the Müller-Lyer illusion?
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What is depth perception?
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How many types of depth cues are mentioned in the content?
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Linear Perspective is a type of monocular depth cue.
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Binocular convergence occurs when the eyes turn _______ as an object moves towards you.
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Match the following deficits in perception with their descriptions:
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Study Notes
Understanding Perception
- Perception is the process of recognizing, organizing, and making sense of sensations we receive from environmental stimuli
- It encompasses many psychological phenomena, including recognizing patterns, objects, and faces
From Sensation to Representation
- We do not perceive the world exactly as our eyes see it; our brain actively tries to make sense of the stimuli that enter our eyes and fall on our retina
- The brain processes visual stimuli, giving them meaning and interpreting them
Basic Concepts of Perception
- Distal object: the object in the external world (e.g., a falling tree)
- Informational medium: the pattern created by the event of the tree falling (e.g., sound waves or reflected light)
- Proximal stimulation: the cells in your retina absorbing the light waves
- Perceptual object: what you see, created in your mind, reflecting the properties of the external world
Approaches to Perception
- Bottom-up theories: perception starts with the stimuli, driven by data from the environment
- Top-down theories: perception is driven by high-level cognitive processes, existing knowledge, and prior expectations
Bottom-Up Theories
- Direct Perception: the information in our sensory receptors is all we need to perceive the world (Gibson's theory)
- Template Theories: we have stored templates for patterns we might recognize
- Feature-Matching Theories: we recognize patterns by matching observed features to features stored in memory
- Recognition-by-Components Theory: we recognize 3D objects by decomposing them into simple geometric shapes (geons)
Top-Down Theories
- Constructive Perception: perception is influenced by existing knowledge, prior expectations, and high-level cognitive processes
- Conceptual Data: we form and test hypotheses regarding percepts, considering sensory data, knowledge, and inference
Perception of Objects and Forms
- Viewer-Centered Representation: we store multiple views of an object and rotate them in our mind to recognize
- Object-Centered Representation: we store a representation of the object, independent of its appearance to the viewer
- Landmark-Centered Representation: representation is characterized by its relation to a prominent item
Gestalt Laws
- Law of Prägnanz: we perceive visual arrays in a way that most simply organizes the elements into a coherent form
- Proximity: we group closer-together elements, separating them from those farther apart
- Similarity: we group similar elements together
- Continuity: we perceive continuous patterns
- Closure: we prefer complete shapes, filling in gaps to perceive a complete image
- Common Region: we group elements in the same closed region
- Figure/Ground: we see the foreground first, separating it from the background
Recognizing Patterns and Faces
- Two systems for recognizing patterns: feature analysis system and configurational system
- Face recognition occurs in the fusiform gyrus of the temporal lobe
- Prosopagnosia: the inability to recognize faces, often due to damage to the configurational system
The Environment Helps You See
- Perceptual Constancies: our perception of an object remains the same despite changes in the proximal stimulus
- Size Constancy: an object maintains its perceived size despite changes in the size of the proximal stimulus
- Depth Perception: the ability to see the world in 3 dimensions and detect distance
Deficits in Perception
- Agnosia: inability to recognize and identify objects or persons despite having knowledge of their characteristics
- Prosopagnosia: inability to recognize faces, including one's own
- Simultagnosic: normal visual fields, yet acts blind, perceiving only one stimulus at a time
- Spatial Agnosia: unable to navigate in even familiar environments, getting lost
- Auditory Agnosia: unable to recognize certain sounds
- Color Agnosia: unable to name colors, though can see they are different
- Optic Ataxia: unable to use vision to guide movement
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Description
This quiz covers the concepts of visual perception, approaches to perception, and deficits and processes of perception. It explores how we recognize, organize, and make sense of environmental stimuli and how our brain interprets visual information.
