Psychology of Perception
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Questions and Answers

What is perception?

Perception is the set of processes by which we recognize, organize, and make sense of the sensations we receive from environmental stimuli.

Which approaches to perception are mentioned in the text?

  • Template theories
  • Direct perception
  • Bottom-up theories (correct)
  • Top-down theories (correct)
  • Perception encompasses many psychological ____.

    phenomena

    In the bottom-up theories of perception, perception starts with high-level cognitive processes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the theories of form and pattern perception with their descriptions:

    <p>Direct Perception = Information in sensory receptors is all that is needed for perception Template Theories = Suggests recognition based on stored templates Feature-Matching Theories = Match observed features to memory for recognition Recognition-by-Components Theory = Perceive 3-D objects using simple geometric shapes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain regions are activated when people are asked to judge the length of the lines in the Müller-Lyer illusion?

    <p>right posterior parietal cortex and right temporo-occipital cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is depth perception?

    <p>The ability to see the world in 3 dimensions and detect distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many types of depth cues are mentioned in the content?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Linear Perspective is a type of monocular depth cue.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Binocular convergence occurs when the eyes turn _______ as an object moves towards you.

    <p>inward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following deficits in perception with their descriptions:

    <p>Agnosia = Inability to recognize and identify objects or persons despite having knowledge of their characteristics Prosopagnosia = Inability to recognize faces, including one's own Simultagnosic = Acting blind despite having normal visual fields Spatial Agnosia = Inability to navigate even in familiar environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Understanding Perception

    • Perception is the process of recognizing, organizing, and making sense of sensations we receive from environmental stimuli
    • It encompasses many psychological phenomena, including recognizing patterns, objects, and faces

    From Sensation to Representation

    • We do not perceive the world exactly as our eyes see it; our brain actively tries to make sense of the stimuli that enter our eyes and fall on our retina
    • The brain processes visual stimuli, giving them meaning and interpreting them

    Basic Concepts of Perception

    • Distal object: the object in the external world (e.g., a falling tree)
    • Informational medium: the pattern created by the event of the tree falling (e.g., sound waves or reflected light)
    • Proximal stimulation: the cells in your retina absorbing the light waves
    • Perceptual object: what you see, created in your mind, reflecting the properties of the external world

    Approaches to Perception

    • Bottom-up theories: perception starts with the stimuli, driven by data from the environment
    • Top-down theories: perception is driven by high-level cognitive processes, existing knowledge, and prior expectations

    Bottom-Up Theories

    • Direct Perception: the information in our sensory receptors is all we need to perceive the world (Gibson's theory)
    • Template Theories: we have stored templates for patterns we might recognize
    • Feature-Matching Theories: we recognize patterns by matching observed features to features stored in memory
    • Recognition-by-Components Theory: we recognize 3D objects by decomposing them into simple geometric shapes (geons)

    Top-Down Theories

    • Constructive Perception: perception is influenced by existing knowledge, prior expectations, and high-level cognitive processes
    • Conceptual Data: we form and test hypotheses regarding percepts, considering sensory data, knowledge, and inference

    Perception of Objects and Forms

    • Viewer-Centered Representation: we store multiple views of an object and rotate them in our mind to recognize
    • Object-Centered Representation: we store a representation of the object, independent of its appearance to the viewer
    • Landmark-Centered Representation: representation is characterized by its relation to a prominent item

    Gestalt Laws

    • Law of Prägnanz: we perceive visual arrays in a way that most simply organizes the elements into a coherent form
    • Proximity: we group closer-together elements, separating them from those farther apart
    • Similarity: we group similar elements together
    • Continuity: we perceive continuous patterns
    • Closure: we prefer complete shapes, filling in gaps to perceive a complete image
    • Common Region: we group elements in the same closed region
    • Figure/Ground: we see the foreground first, separating it from the background

    Recognizing Patterns and Faces

    • Two systems for recognizing patterns: feature analysis system and configurational system
    • Face recognition occurs in the fusiform gyrus of the temporal lobe
    • Prosopagnosia: the inability to recognize faces, often due to damage to the configurational system

    The Environment Helps You See

    • Perceptual Constancies: our perception of an object remains the same despite changes in the proximal stimulus
    • Size Constancy: an object maintains its perceived size despite changes in the size of the proximal stimulus
    • Depth Perception: the ability to see the world in 3 dimensions and detect distance

    Deficits in Perception

    • Agnosia: inability to recognize and identify objects or persons despite having knowledge of their characteristics
    • Prosopagnosia: inability to recognize faces, including one's own
    • Simultagnosic: normal visual fields, yet acts blind, perceiving only one stimulus at a time
    • Spatial Agnosia: unable to navigate in even familiar environments, getting lost
    • Auditory Agnosia: unable to recognize certain sounds
    • Color Agnosia: unable to name colors, though can see they are different
    • Optic Ataxia: unable to use vision to guide movement

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    Description

    This quiz covers the concepts of visual perception, approaches to perception, and deficits and processes of perception. It explores how we recognize, organize, and make sense of environmental stimuli and how our brain interprets visual information.

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