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Questions and Answers
Match the following concepts with their definitions:
Match the following concepts with their definitions:
Pathological organizations = Used to protect the object and evade guilt Chronic state = Object is tormented and held in a half-dead state Revenge = Endless cycle without open enactment Grievance = Focus and purpose for the patient
Match the terms with their related symptoms or behaviors:
Match the terms with their related symptoms or behaviors:
Narcissism = Denying opportunity for proper healing Masochism = Gratification from keeping old wounds open Obsession = Preoccupation with the future Anger = Feeling of total unforgiveness towards objects
Match the following psychological dynamics with their consequences:
Match the following psychological dynamics with their consequences:
Evading guilt = Guilt projected onto the object Intense tie to the object = Object must be kept alive for revenge Fear of violence = Chronic state of hidden conflict Inability to change = Progress in analysis being blocked
Match the childhood experiences to their associated feelings:
Match the childhood experiences to their associated feelings:
Match the following mechanisms with their roles in the psychological process:
Match the following mechanisms with their roles in the psychological process:
Match the psychological terms with their descriptions:
Match the psychological terms with their descriptions:
Match the following dynamics to their effects on the patient:
Match the following dynamics to their effects on the patient:
Match the following phrases to their psychological implications:
Match the following phrases to their psychological implications:
Match the emotions with their corresponding descriptions:
Match the emotions with their corresponding descriptions:
Match the thoughts with their associated feelings:
Match the thoughts with their associated feelings:
Match the actions to their consequences:
Match the actions to their consequences:
Match the terms with their definitions:
Match the terms with their definitions:
Match the consequences of feelings:
Match the consequences of feelings:
Match the individual’s thought processes:
Match the individual’s thought processes:
Match the feelings with their triggers:
Match the feelings with their triggers:
Match the situations with their implications:
Match the situations with their implications:
Match the following individuals with their actions or feelings:
Match the following individuals with their actions or feelings:
Match the following emotions with the corresponding individuals:
Match the following emotions with the corresponding individuals:
Match the following statements with the appropriate interpretations:
Match the following statements with the appropriate interpretations:
Match the following pairs of actions and their impact:
Match the following pairs of actions and their impact:
Match the following feelings with their triggers:
Match the following feelings with their triggers:
Match the following phrases with their meanings:
Match the following phrases with their meanings:
Match the following descriptions with their corresponding sentiments:
Match the following descriptions with their corresponding sentiments:
Match the concepts related to forgiveness with their descriptions:
Match the concepts related to forgiveness with their descriptions:
Match the terms with their relevant psychological aspects:
Match the terms with their relevant psychological aspects:
Match the authors/figures to their contributions to the concept of forgiveness:
Match the authors/figures to their contributions to the concept of forgiveness:
Match the psychological needs emphasized in forgiveness:
Match the psychological needs emphasized in forgiveness:
Match the phenomena with their emotional responses:
Match the phenomena with their emotional responses:
Match the terminology with its significance in the context of reparation:
Match the terminology with its significance in the context of reparation:
Match the challenges of forgiveness with their definitions:
Match the challenges of forgiveness with their definitions:
Match the aspects needed for forgiveness with their roles:
Match the aspects needed for forgiveness with their roles:
Match the patients with their corresponding reactions to grievances:
Match the patients with their corresponding reactions to grievances:
Match the psychological concepts with their explanations:
Match the psychological concepts with their explanations:
Match the behaviors of Mr D and Mr E concerning their conscious recognition of feelings:
Match the behaviors of Mr D and Mr E concerning their conscious recognition of feelings:
Match the key themes in the case study with their descriptions:
Match the key themes in the case study with their descriptions:
Match the consequences of unresolved grievances for the patients:
Match the consequences of unresolved grievances for the patients:
Match the defensive mechanisms used by Mr D and Mr E:
Match the defensive mechanisms used by Mr D and Mr E:
Match the patients with their initial responses to threats regarding their grievances:
Match the patients with their initial responses to threats regarding their grievances:
Match the emotional states to the patients during the healing process:
Match the emotional states to the patients during the healing process:
Match the motives for revenge with their descriptions:
Match the motives for revenge with their descriptions:
Match the concepts related to revenge with their implications:
Match the concepts related to revenge with their implications:
Match the characteristics of revenge with their effects:
Match the characteristics of revenge with their effects:
Match the terms with their related descriptions:
Match the terms with their related descriptions:
Match the psychological states with their definitions:
Match the psychological states with their definitions:
Match the roles of the components of revenge with their effects:
Match the roles of the components of revenge with their effects:
Match the fears associated with revenge with their sources:
Match the fears associated with revenge with their sources:
Match the different aspects of revenge with their examples:
Match the different aspects of revenge with their examples:
Flashcards
Pathological Organization (in Psychology)
Pathological Organization (in Psychology)
A defense mechanism employed to protect an object from perceived harm, but paradoxically prolongs the conflict and enables hidden aggression.
Chronic Revenge
Chronic Revenge
An unending cycle of resentment and animosity, where the object of hatred is kept alive (but suffering) rather than eliminated or forgiven.
Grievance Maintenance
Grievance Maintenance
Actively sustaining the sense of injustice and hurt, which provides a purpose and gratification, often linked to past perceived unfairness.
Guilt Avoidance (in Therapy)
Guilt Avoidance (in Therapy)
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Unforgiveness (in Psychology)
Unforgiveness (in Psychology)
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Narcissistic Investment in Injury
Narcissistic Investment in Injury
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Blocking Therapy Progress
Blocking Therapy Progress
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Preoccupation with the Future (in Relation to Grievance)
Preoccupation with the Future (in Relation to Grievance)
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Analysis interruption
Analysis interruption
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Patient's dismissive behavior
Patient's dismissive behavior
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Analyst's independent existence
Analyst's independent existence
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Patient's feeling of exclusion
Patient's feeling of exclusion
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Patient's arrogance
Patient's arrogance
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Analyst's reaction to patient's behavior
Analyst's reaction to patient's behavior
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Relationship with ex-girlfriend
Relationship with ex-girlfriend
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Disappointment in new relationship
Disappointment in new relationship
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Pathological Organization
Pathological Organization
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Psychic Retreat
Psychic Retreat
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Guilt Avoidance
Guilt Avoidance
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Grievance
Grievance
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Object of Hatred
Object of Hatred
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Self-Destructive Acts
Self-Destructive Acts
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Depressive Position
Depressive Position
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Relinquishing Control
Relinquishing Control
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Making Reparation
Making Reparation
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Sustaining the Contact with Loss
Sustaining the Contact with Loss
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Reparation in Therapy
Reparation in Therapy
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Forgiveness in Therapy
Forgiveness in Therapy
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Super-ego's Role in Forgiveness
Super-ego's Role in Forgiveness
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The Wish to Exact Revenge
The Wish to Exact Revenge
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Coexistence of Good and Bad
Coexistence of Good and Bad
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Unforgivable Actions
Unforgivable Actions
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Revenge as a Complex Phenomenon
Revenge as a Complex Phenomenon
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The Impact of Family or Group
The Impact of Family or Group
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Revenge's Initial Aim
Revenge's Initial Aim
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Justice's Failure
Justice's Failure
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Primitive Destructiveness
Primitive Destructiveness
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Death Instinct Dominance
Death Instinct Dominance
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Revenge's Danger
Revenge's Danger
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The Patient's Trap
The Patient's Trap
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Defense: Pathological Organization
Defense: Pathological Organization
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Projecting Guilt
Projecting Guilt
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Study Notes
Patient Hatred and Organisation
- Patients may feel justified in their hatred, blaming external forces (e.g., organizations) for their suffering.
- Feeling justified in the hatred can lead to psychic retreat.
- Feeling justified and in the right may protect from guilt related to their harmful behaviour.
- Emergence from retreat triggers anxiety and guilt as patients glimpse the damaged state of their objects.
- Pathological organization acts as a protective barrier from guilt, creating a cycle of self-inflicted harm.
Depressive Position and Guilt
- Central issue for patients is whether guilt is bearable or not.
- Bearable guilt allows for struggle for independence from the organization.
- Unbearable guilt leads to seeking refuge in the organization's protection.
- Pathological organizations help patients evade guilt, but in fact hinder progress.
Revenge and Chronic State
- Fear of violent or open hatred leads to a chronic state.
- Chronic state involves preserving the object—not destroying, or allowing it to die—while also enacting revenge.
- The process maintains an intense tie to the object; object stays emotionally significant as process continues.
Additional Defensive Mechanisms
- Patients often focus on the future, hoping for better circumstances / revenge.
- Hope for redress and revenge interfere with mourning, thus impeding development.
- Grievances often stem from early childhood experiences, such as weaning and sibling rivalry.
- Grievances are invested with a heavy narcissistic component, thus making forgiveness difficult.
Issues with Object Relationships
- Patients may feel betrayed or wronged, leading to resentment.
- Pathology prevents the capacity for proper healing and resolution of grievances.
- Hate directed at internal objects / external institutions leads to feeling unable to take responsibility.
Clinical Presentation: Patient Mr D
- Worked as a research fellow; intensely competitive, academic environment.
- Experienced depression.
- Feared recurrence of depression.
- Suppressed criticism and conflict at work.
- Jealous of older sister and parental affection towards her.
Clinical Presentation: Patient Mr E
- Successful as analyst and in marriage.
- Experienced moments of feeling bad and frightening thoughts.
- Idealization and reassurance seeking to manage such anxiety.
- Experiences conflicted feelings and hatred for objects.
Analysis and Forgiveness
- Patients have difficulty accepting their hatred and need to be forgiven / feel forgiven.
- Analyst's role crucial for patients recognizing, understanding, and addressing guilt.
- Capacity to feel regret and remorse crucial for overcoming destructive conflicts and moving towards reconciliation.
Object Loss and Reparation
- Loss and damage, experienced in actual situations or in phantasy, creates an imperative for reparation, or to make things right.
- Reparative efforts often tied to guilt and fear.
- Analysis must lead patient toward accepting loss, acknowledging their contribution via bad actions and feelings associated with object love, and promoting the forgiveness of themselves and objects.
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