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Questions and Answers
What location did Milgram initially choose for his obedience experiment?
What location did Milgram initially choose for his obedience experiment?
Milgram successfully gained informed consent from all participants before the experiment.
Milgram successfully gained informed consent from all participants before the experiment.
False
What was the primary reason for the significant drop in obedience when Milgram changed the setting of his experiment?
What was the primary reason for the significant drop in obedience when Milgram changed the setting of his experiment?
The prestige of the setting was diminished.
Milgram referred to his experimental setting as __________ when he moved from Yale University.
Milgram referred to his experimental setting as __________ when he moved from Yale University.
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Match the following outcomes of Milgram's study with their percentages:
Match the following outcomes of Milgram's study with their percentages:
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What ethical issue arose related to participant withdrawal during the Milgram experiment?
What ethical issue arose related to participant withdrawal during the Milgram experiment?
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Milgram provided participants a debriefing after the experiments were concluded.
Milgram provided participants a debriefing after the experiments were concluded.
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According to Milgram, what percentage of participants felt they learned something of personal importance from the study?
According to Milgram, what percentage of participants felt they learned something of personal importance from the study?
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Milgram's study revealed that participants believed they may have __________ another person.
Milgram's study revealed that participants believed they may have __________ another person.
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What method did Milgram use to gather feedback from participants after the experiment?
What method did Milgram use to gather feedback from participants after the experiment?
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What is the agentic state?
What is the agentic state?
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Milgram's study indicated that all participants obeyed orders without hesitation.
Milgram's study indicated that all participants obeyed orders without hesitation.
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Define legitimacy of authority.
Define legitimacy of authority.
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Milgram's experiment showed that __% of participants administered the full 450 volts.
Milgram's experiment showed that __% of participants administered the full 450 volts.
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Match the following concepts with their definitions:
Match the following concepts with their definitions:
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Which factor did Milgram find affected levels of obedience?
Which factor did Milgram find affected levels of obedience?
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Agentic shift is the process of moving from being an agent to an autonomous individual.
Agentic shift is the process of moving from being an agent to an autonomous individual.
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What happens to obedience levels when legitimate authority is reduced?
What happens to obedience levels when legitimate authority is reduced?
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Obedience is following an order to carry out an ___.
Obedience is following an order to carry out an ___.
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Match the following scenarios with their outcomes based on Milgram's experiments:
Match the following scenarios with their outcomes based on Milgram's experiments:
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Study Notes
Obedience
- Obedience is following orders to carry out an action.
- Orders are typically given by powerful figures or authorities.
The Agentic State
- Agentic state: The state in which a person carries out the orders of another, with limited personal responsibility.
- Agentic shift: A shift from acting autonomously to acting as an agent for another individual, usually an authority figure.
- Milgram argued that people can act differently depending on the situation.
- Autonomous individuals are aware of their actions' consequences
- Individuals can act as agents of others, especially those in positions of power or authority.
Legitimacy of Authority
- Legitimacy of authority refers to the power held by the person giving instructions.
- Most societies organize hierarchically, and certain members hold power over others.
- Legitimate power is often associated with social roles and influence.
- From childhood, social interactions teach us that obedience to authority is acceptable.
- This may stem from trust in authority or fear of punishment, harm, or exclusion.
- Milgram's experiment showed the power of authority, with 65% of participants administering the highest voltage level.
- A repeat of the experiment in New York, reduced obedience levels to 50%.
- Reduced authoritative figures correlate with lower levels of obedience.
Variables Affecting Obedience
- Proximity: The physical closeness of the teacher and learner affected obedience.
- Separated rooms reduced participants' feelings of responsibility when they couldn't see the learner's distress.
- Bringing the learner into closer proximity increased participants' responsibility and thus, lessened obedience to the shocks.
- Putting the learner in the same room resulted in the lowest levels of obedience.
- Location: The environment can influence obedience levels.
- The setting of the experiment (Yale University) seemed to increase the legitimacy of authority, influencing higher obedience levels.
- Moving the experiment to a less prestigious location decreased obedience.
Ethical Issues in the Obedience Study
- Participants were not given informed consent.
- They were pressured to continue the experiment.
- Participants believed they might seriously harm or injure another person.
- This could cause lasting psychological harm to the participants.
Milgram's Response to Ethical Criticisms
- Milgram argued that he attempted to gain pre-experiment approval by obtaining predictions from the psychological community.
- Milgram stressed that participants could reject authority.
- Participants were thoroughly debriefed and the learner was made known to be unharmed after the study.
After the Experiment
- Milgram surveyed over 1000 participants; 92% responded.
- 84% were glad or very glad they participated.
- 15% were neutral.
- 1.3% were sorry or very sorry they participated.
- 74% found that it had personal significance or importance.
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Description
Explore the concepts of obedience and the agentic state in psychology through this quiz. Understand how individuals respond to authority figures and the implications of legitimacy in social hierarchies. Delve into Milgram's theories and the dynamics of power in society.
