Psychology of Hunger
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Questions and Answers

Which theory suggests that hunger is not only a biological drive but also influenced by external stimuli?

  • Glucostatic Theory
  • Set-Point Theory
  • Incentive Theory (correct)
  • Drive-Reduction Theory

    • Whose theory suggests that hunger is influenced by unconscious desires and emotional conflicts?

  • Carl Rogers
  • Walter Cannon
  • Albert Bandura
  • Sigmund Freud (correct)

    • Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs places hunger as a fundamental physiological need.

    True

    Who proposed the Drive-Reduction Theory?

    <p>Clark Hull</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sexual motivation is solely determined by environmental factors.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In ______________ Theory, hunger is driven by changes in blood glucose levels.

    <p>Glucostatic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary proponent of Social Learning Theory?

    <p>Albert Bandura</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following motivational theories with their key proponents:

    <p>Drive-Reduction Theory = Clark Hull Incentive Theory = B.F. Skinner Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs = Abraham Maslow Glucostatic Theory = Jean Mayer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _______ is a mechanism to maintain internal stability in the context of hunger.

    <p>Homeostatic Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the body's hunger drive according to Drive-Reduction Theory?

    <p>To restore homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the theorist to their corresponding theory:

    <p>Charles Darwin = Evolutionary Theory Carl Rogers = Humanistic Theory Edward Tolman = Cognitive Theory Walter Cannon = Homeostatic Theories of Hunger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which proponent expanded the ideas of arousal theory to include both physiological and psychological stimuli?

    <p>Donald Hebb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Psychological arousal can only enhance physiological drives but cannot inhibit them.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What motivates behavior according to Set-Point Theory?

    <p>To maintain body weight and energy levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cognitive factors, such as meal timing, can override physiological hunger cues.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What evolutionary advantage does hunger provide?

    <p>It drives individuals to seek food when energy stores are low.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory suggests that emotions and physiological responses occur simultaneously but independently?

    <p>Cannon-Bard Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Lazarus’s Cognitive Appraisal Theory, emotions are solely based on physiological reactions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does cognitive reappraisal play in stress management according to the Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory?

    <p>It helps to mitigate negative emotional impacts and reduce stress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chronic physiological arousal can lead to health problems such as __________ and __________.

    <p>hypertension, heart disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following theories with their core ideas:

    <p>Cannon-Bard Theory = Emotions and physiological responses occur simultaneously but independently Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory = Emotions result from physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation Lazarus’s Cognitive Appraisal Theory = Emotions depend on cognitive appraisal of a situation James-Lange Theory = Emotions result from physiological responses to stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can negative cognitive appraisals lead to?

    <p>Chronic stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hypothalamus and thalamus are primarily responsible for cognitive evaluation of emotions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory, what is combined with arousal to interpret emotions?

    <p>Cognitive labeling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which emotion is NOT considered one of Ekman's basic emotions?

    <p>Embarrassment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Darwin proposed that emotional expressions evolved primarily for social bonding.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one physiological system involved in emotional expression.

    <p>Autonomic Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During stress, the _________ division of the autonomic nervous system is activated, leading to increased heart rate.

    <p>sympathetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the brain structures with their roles in emotional regulation:

    <p>Amygdala = Processes fear Prefrontal Cortex = Regulates emotional responses Hippocampus = Links experiences to memories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is released during stress that can weaken the immune system when chronically elevated?

    <p>Cortisol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Expressing positive emotions can help reduce stress and improve well-being.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of expressions does Ekman's theory emphasize as universal among cultures?

    <p>Facial expressions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following practices can help express negative emotions constructively?

    <p>Therapy sessions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Physical exercise increases cortisol levels, which can positively impact mood.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one cognitive strategy for managing stress according to Lazarus's Appraisal Theory.

    <p>Reframe stressors positively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ model involves biological, psychological, and social interventions in stress management.

    <p>Biopsychosocial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the stress management strategies with their descriptions:

    <p>Relaxation Techniques = Engages the parasympathetic nervous system Exercise = Reduces cortisol levels and releases endorphins Social Support = Buffers stress through social connections Artistic Outlets = Channels emotions through creative expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory emphasizes the simultaneous activation of emotions and physiological stress?

    <p>Cannon-Bard Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Social interactions can increase feelings of isolation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does expressing emotions have on the sympathetic nervous system?

    <p>It mitigates overactivation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key technique for accepting criticism effectively?

    <p>Active listening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Only successful individuals can change unhealthy habits.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who exemplifies unwavering determination in their journey to success?

    <p>Oprah Winfrey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Success is considered to be __________ and can mean different things to different people.

    <p>subjective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following strategies with their purpose:

    <p>Active listening = Accepting criticism effectively Visualization = Enhancing determination Time management = Achieving balance Self-care = Prioritizing well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of having a support system?

    <p>They provide resources and opportunities for collaboration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Having a balanced life contributes to overall happiness and productivity.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Many successful individuals maintain strict daily __________ to enhance productivity.

    <p>routines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Hunger

    • Body strives for homeostasis through biological feedback mechanisms.
    • Hypothalamus regulates hunger:
      • Lateral hypothalamus triggers hunger when glucose levels drop.
      • Ventromedial hypothalamus suppresses hunger when satiety is achieved.
    • Hormonal influences:
      • Ghrelin: Released by empty stomach, signals hunger.
      • Leptin: Released by fat cells, signals satiety and suppresses appetite.
      • Insulin: Regulates blood sugar levels and influences hunger.
    • Psychological factors:
      • Learning and conditioning: Hunger can be triggered by environmental cues (sight/smell of food) and influenced by cultural norms.
      • Emotional state: Stress or mood changes can lead to emotional eating or a loss of appetite.
      • Cognitive and social influences: Dieting and food-related beliefs can override physiological signals of hunger.
    • Basic motivational concept: Hunger is influenced by biological needs (low glucose) and psychological incentives (cues, habits, cultural factors) and works to restore homeostasis. Supported by drive-reduction theory.

    Sexual Motivation

    • Physiological factors:
      • Hormonal regulation: Sex hormones (testosterone and estrogen) influence sexual drive and behavior, which fluctuate based on age, gender, and environmental triggers.
      • Neurotransmitters: Dopamine and serotonin affect sexual arousal and gratification.
      • Evolutionary influences: Reproductive success is an inherent biological drive influencing sexual motivation.
    • Psychological factors:
      • Emotional connection: Emotional intimacy and relationships play a role in sexual motivation.
      • Cognitive influences: Personal values and beliefs play a role in shaping sexual desire and motivation.

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    Description

    Explore the intricate mechanisms behind hunger regulation in this quiz. Delve into the biological feedback systems, psychological influences, and hormonal roles that affect our eating behavior. Understand how factors like environment, emotions, and social norms shape our hunger cues.

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