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Questions and Answers
According to the nature vs. nurture debate, what is the primary influence on intelligence?
According to the nature vs. nurture debate, what is the primary influence on intelligence?
Which of the following statements is supported by the idea that events in the first 3 years of life have permanent effects on a person's psychological development?
Which of the following statements is supported by the idea that events in the first 3 years of life have permanent effects on a person's psychological development?
What is the implication of the statement 'people's personalities do not change very much over their lifetimes'?
What is the implication of the statement 'people's personalities do not change very much over their lifetimes'?
What is the assumption underlying the statement 'people all go through the same stages in their lives'?
What is the assumption underlying the statement 'people all go through the same stages in their lives'?
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What is an example of an emergent, stagelike change in cognitive development?
What is an example of an emergent, stagelike change in cognitive development?
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What is the main idea behind the concept of bidirectional causality in human development?
What is the main idea behind the concept of bidirectional causality in human development?
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What is the primary factor influencing emotional development, according to the nature vs. nurture debate?
What is the primary factor influencing emotional development, according to the nature vs. nurture debate?
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What is the term for the influence of external factors on an individual's development?
What is the term for the influence of external factors on an individual's development?
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Which of the following is an example of individual differences in human development?
Which of the following is an example of individual differences in human development?
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What is the term for the way an individual's behavior and characteristics can influence others' reactions towards them?
What is the term for the way an individual's behavior and characteristics can influence others' reactions towards them?
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What is the result of proximal processes in an individual's development?
What is the result of proximal processes in an individual's development?
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What is the role of social development in shaping human behavior?
What is the role of social development in shaping human behavior?
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What is an example of a continuous, graded change in an individual's development?
What is an example of a continuous, graded change in an individual's development?
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What is the term for the idea that changes in an individual can influence their further development, and vice versa?
What is the term for the idea that changes in an individual can influence their further development, and vice versa?
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What is an individual quality that can influence their development and interactions with others?
What is an individual quality that can influence their development and interactions with others?
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What is the term for the interface between the individual and their microsystems, where proximal processes occur?
What is the term for the interface between the individual and their microsystems, where proximal processes occur?
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What is the implication of holding the belief that a person's intellectual capacity can change and improve over time?
What is the implication of holding the belief that a person's intellectual capacity can change and improve over time?
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What can impair critical thinking in reflective practice?
What can impair critical thinking in reflective practice?
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Why is self-monitoring important in reflective practice?
Why is self-monitoring important in reflective practice?
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What is the purpose of the questionnaire in Box 1.1?
What is the purpose of the questionnaire in Box 1.1?
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What is the implication of holding the belief that a person's intelligence is fixed and not amenable to improvement?
What is the implication of holding the belief that a person's intelligence is fixed and not amenable to improvement?
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What is the relationship between personal theories and evidence?
What is the relationship between personal theories and evidence?
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Why is it essential to recognize personal theories as one of many possibilities?
Why is it essential to recognize personal theories as one of many possibilities?
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What is the primary goal of reflective practice in the context of development?
What is the primary goal of reflective practice in the context of development?
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Study Notes
Individual Qualities and Reasoning
- A person's reasoning abilities can vary across different contexts, such as a gambler's complex reasoning about horse racing, but not displaying similar complex reasoning in other areas.
- Demand characteristics, or behavioral tendencies, can influence how others react to an individual, such as a shy child receiving less attention and support.
Change and Development
- Changes in an individual can be emergent, stagelike, and qualitative (e.g., shift from preoperational to concrete operational thought) or continuous and graded (e.g., shifts in academic interest).
- Both types of change result from proximal processes, influenced by internal and external causes.
- Once changes occur, the individual brings new resources to these proximal processes, leading to further learning and development.
Bioecological Theory of Development
- Urie Bronfenbrenner's theory emphasizes the interplay between internal and external influences on the developing child over time.
- The theory highlights the bidirectional causality between adjacent levels and within the same level.
Implicit Theories and Critical Thinking
- Implicit theories or personal beliefs about development can shape one's worldview and influence behavior.
- Holding a fixed or growth mindset about intelligence can impact one's approach to problem-solving and helping others.
- Critical thinking and reflective practice require self-monitoring and awareness of one's implicit theories and their limitations.
- Recognizing that personal theories are only one of many possibilities is essential for effective practice.
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Description
Explore individual qualities and reasoning, and how they change and develop over time. Discover how demand characteristics influence our interactions and the different types of changes we can experience.
