Psychology of Human Development
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Questions and Answers

According to the nature vs. nurture debate, what is the primary influence on intelligence?

  • Genes (correct)
  • Environmental factors
  • Interaction between genes and environment
  • Social learning

    • Which of the following statements is supported by the idea that events in the first 3 years of life have permanent effects on a person's psychological development?

  • Genetics play a more significant role than early experiences
  • Early experiences shape later development (correct)
  • Early experiences have no lasting impact
  • Later experiences can compensate for early deficits

    • What is the implication of the statement 'people's personalities do not change very much over their lifetimes'?

  • Personality is highly influenced by environmental factors
  • Personality changes significantly over time
  • Personality is primarily determined by genetics (correct)
  • Personality is shaped by early life experiences

    • What is the assumption underlying the statement 'people all go through the same stages in their lives'?

    <p>Development follows a universal sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an emergent, stagelike change in cognitive development?

    <p>Shift from preoperational to concrete operational thought</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea behind the concept of bidirectional causality in human development?

    <p>Genes and environment mutually influence each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor influencing emotional development, according to the nature vs. nurture debate?

    <p>Interaction between genetics and environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the influence of external factors on an individual's development?

    <p>Distal causes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of individual differences in human development?

    <p>Different rates of cognitive development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the way an individual's behavior and characteristics can influence others' reactions towards them?

    <p>Demand characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of proximal processes in an individual's development?

    <p>The individual brings new resources to proximal processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of social development in shaping human behavior?

    <p>It has a significant impact on behavior across the lifespan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a continuous, graded change in an individual's development?

    <p>Shift from being interested in sports to being interested in music</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the idea that changes in an individual can influence their further development, and vice versa?

    <p>Bidirectional causality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an individual quality that can influence their development and interactions with others?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the interface between the individual and their microsystems, where proximal processes occur?

    <p>Proximal processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implication of holding the belief that a person's intellectual capacity can change and improve over time?

    <p>A person is more inclined to take a skill-building approach to presenting problems involving knowledge or ability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can impair critical thinking in reflective practice?

    <p>Busy schedules and feeling overwhelmed by demands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is self-monitoring important in reflective practice?

    <p>To recognize personal theories as only one of many possibilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the questionnaire in Box 1.1?

    <p>To examine one's beliefs about development and personal theories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implication of holding the belief that a person's intelligence is fixed and not amenable to improvement?

    <p>A person is more inclined to encourage clients to cope with and adjust to cognitive limitations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between personal theories and evidence?

    <p>Personal theories are often resistant to change, even in the face of contradictory evidence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential to recognize personal theories as one of many possibilities?

    <p>To consider alternative perspectives and approaches in reflective practice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of reflective practice in the context of development?

    <p>To recognize and challenge personal theories, leading to more effective practice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Individual Qualities and Reasoning

    • A person's reasoning abilities can vary across different contexts, such as a gambler's complex reasoning about horse racing, but not displaying similar complex reasoning in other areas.
    • Demand characteristics, or behavioral tendencies, can influence how others react to an individual, such as a shy child receiving less attention and support.

    Change and Development

    • Changes in an individual can be emergent, stagelike, and qualitative (e.g., shift from preoperational to concrete operational thought) or continuous and graded (e.g., shifts in academic interest).
    • Both types of change result from proximal processes, influenced by internal and external causes.
    • Once changes occur, the individual brings new resources to these proximal processes, leading to further learning and development.

    Bioecological Theory of Development

    • Urie Bronfenbrenner's theory emphasizes the interplay between internal and external influences on the developing child over time.
    • The theory highlights the bidirectional causality between adjacent levels and within the same level.

    Implicit Theories and Critical Thinking

    • Implicit theories or personal beliefs about development can shape one's worldview and influence behavior.
    • Holding a fixed or growth mindset about intelligence can impact one's approach to problem-solving and helping others.
    • Critical thinking and reflective practice require self-monitoring and awareness of one's implicit theories and their limitations.
    • Recognizing that personal theories are only one of many possibilities is essential for effective practice.

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    Related Documents

    Chapter 1.PDF

    Description

    Explore individual qualities and reasoning, and how they change and develop over time. Discover how demand characteristics influence our interactions and the different types of changes we can experience.

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