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Psychology of Human Development
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Psychology of Human Development

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@InfallibleEuphoria8045

Questions and Answers

According to the nature vs. nurture debate, what is the primary influence on intelligence?

  • Genes (correct)
  • Environmental factors
  • Interaction between genes and environment
  • Social learning

    • Which of the following statements is supported by the idea that events in the first 3 years of life have permanent effects on a person's psychological development?

  • Genetics play a more significant role than early experiences
  • Early experiences shape later development (correct)
  • Early experiences have no lasting impact
  • Later experiences can compensate for early deficits

    • What is the implication of the statement 'people's personalities do not change very much over their lifetimes'?

  • Personality is highly influenced by environmental factors
  • Personality changes significantly over time
  • Personality is primarily determined by genetics (correct)
  • Personality is shaped by early life experiences

    • What is the assumption underlying the statement 'people all go through the same stages in their lives'?

    <p>Development follows a universal sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an emergent, stagelike change in cognitive development?

    <p>Shift from preoperational to concrete operational thought</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea behind the concept of bidirectional causality in human development?

    <p>Genes and environment mutually influence each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor influencing emotional development, according to the nature vs. nurture debate?

    <p>Interaction between genetics and environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the influence of external factors on an individual's development?

    <p>Distal causes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of individual differences in human development?

    <p>Different rates of cognitive development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the way an individual's behavior and characteristics can influence others' reactions towards them?

    <p>Demand characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of proximal processes in an individual's development?

    <p>The individual brings new resources to proximal processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of social development in shaping human behavior?

    <p>It has a significant impact on behavior across the lifespan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a continuous, graded change in an individual's development?

    <p>Shift from being interested in sports to being interested in music</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the idea that changes in an individual can influence their further development, and vice versa?

    <p>Bidirectional causality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an individual quality that can influence their development and interactions with others?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the interface between the individual and their microsystems, where proximal processes occur?

    <p>Proximal processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implication of holding the belief that a person's intellectual capacity can change and improve over time?

    <p>A person is more inclined to take a skill-building approach to presenting problems involving knowledge or ability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can impair critical thinking in reflective practice?

    <p>Busy schedules and feeling overwhelmed by demands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is self-monitoring important in reflective practice?

    <p>To recognize personal theories as only one of many possibilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the questionnaire in Box 1.1?

    <p>To examine one's beliefs about development and personal theories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implication of holding the belief that a person's intelligence is fixed and not amenable to improvement?

    <p>A person is more inclined to encourage clients to cope with and adjust to cognitive limitations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between personal theories and evidence?

    <p>Personal theories are often resistant to change, even in the face of contradictory evidence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential to recognize personal theories as one of many possibilities?

    <p>To consider alternative perspectives and approaches in reflective practice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of reflective practice in the context of development?

    <p>To recognize and challenge personal theories, leading to more effective practice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Individual Qualities and Reasoning

    • A person's reasoning abilities can vary across different contexts, such as a gambler's complex reasoning about horse racing, but not displaying similar complex reasoning in other areas.
    • Demand characteristics, or behavioral tendencies, can influence how others react to an individual, such as a shy child receiving less attention and support.

    Change and Development

    • Changes in an individual can be emergent, stagelike, and qualitative (e.g., shift from preoperational to concrete operational thought) or continuous and graded (e.g., shifts in academic interest).
    • Both types of change result from proximal processes, influenced by internal and external causes.
    • Once changes occur, the individual brings new resources to these proximal processes, leading to further learning and development.

    Bioecological Theory of Development

    • Urie Bronfenbrenner's theory emphasizes the interplay between internal and external influences on the developing child over time.
    • The theory highlights the bidirectional causality between adjacent levels and within the same level.

    Implicit Theories and Critical Thinking

    • Implicit theories or personal beliefs about development can shape one's worldview and influence behavior.
    • Holding a fixed or growth mindset about intelligence can impact one's approach to problem-solving and helping others.
    • Critical thinking and reflective practice require self-monitoring and awareness of one's implicit theories and their limitations.
    • Recognizing that personal theories are only one of many possibilities is essential for effective practice.

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    Description

    Explore individual qualities and reasoning, and how they change and develop over time. Discover how demand characteristics influence our interactions and the different types of changes we can experience.

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