10 Questions
What is the day of the week when people tend to be in their best mood?
The weekend
What is the effect of increased stress on mood?
It worsens mood
What type of activities have been shown to increase positive mood?
Physical, informal, and epicurean activities
What is the effect of lack of sleep on emotions and decision making?
It increases negative emotions and impairs decision making
What is emotional labor?
An employee's expression of organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions at work
What is the term used to describe a broad range of feelings that people experience?
Affect
According to Robert Plutchik's emotion circle, which of the following is true?
Emotions are self-rated in intensity and severity
What is the term used to describe the mood dimension consisting of positive emotions such as excitement and enthusiasm?
Positive Affect
What is the concept that suggests that most people experience a mildly positive mood at zero input?
Positivity Offset
What is one of the sources of emotions and moods, according to the text?
Time of day and personality
Study Notes
Emotional Terminology
- Affect refers to a broad range of feelings people experience.
- Emotion is an intense feeling directed at someone or something, short-term, and action-oriented.
- Mood is a feeling that is less intense and longer-lasting, often without a contextual stimulus.
The Basic Emotions
- Robert Plutchik created a circle of emotions, categorizing emotions into 8 basic categories.
- Emotions in the circle are self-rated in intensity and severity, with adjacent emotions being more similar.
- Mutual feelings indicate an opposite situation (e.g., joy-sadness).
- Combining emotions creates broader emotions (e.g., joy + trust = love).
The Basic Moods
- Positive affect: a mood dimension consisting of positive emotions like excitement and enthusiasm (high) and boredom and depression (low).
- Negative affect: a mood dimension consisting of nervousness and anxiety (high) and contentedness and calmness (low).
- Positive moods are more common than negative moods, with a positivity offset.
The Function of Emotions and Moods
- Emotions are critical to rational thought, helping us understand the world.
- Emotions influence ethical behavior to some degree.
Sources of Emotions and Moods
- Personality: people experience certain moods and emotions more frequently than others, with varying intensities.
- Time of day: people's moods vary throughout the day.
- Day of the week: people tend to be in their best mood on weekends.
- Weather: no impact on emotions and moods.
- Stress: increases negative emotions and affects decision-making.
- Social activities: physical, informal, and epicurean activities increase positive mood.
- Sleep: lack of sleep increases negative emotions and impairs decision-making.
- Exercise: mildly enhances positive mood.
- Age: older people experience negative emotions less frequently.
- Sex: women show greater emotional expression and experience emotions more intensely.
Emotional Intelligence
- Emotional intelligence: the ability to perceive, understand, and regulate one's emotions.
Emotional Labor
- Emotional labor: an employee's expression of desired emotions during work interactions.
- Emotional dissonance: when an employee has to project one emotion while feeling another.
Felt vs. Displayed Emotions
- Felt Emotions: an individual's actual emotions.
- Displayed Emotions: learned emotions required by an organization, with surface acting (hiding true emotions) and deep acting (trying to change emotions).
Understand the differences between affect, emotions, and moods, including the characteristics of each. Learn about the basic emotions and their importance in psychology.
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