Psychology of Consciousness and Free Will

<p>The mind and body are two separate substances that interact through the pineal gland (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Modern psychology has embraced the study of consciousness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The challenge of explaining consciousness by proposing another internal self. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cartesian theatre is an illusion because we are looking out on the world, not at a mental screen. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The problem of determining whether other individuals have consciousness. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Free will is a product of our environment and the reinforcement and punishment we experience. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The problem of qualia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scientific research has revealed the role of unconscious mechanisms in decision-making. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It could undermine the principles of justice and punishment in law. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The problem of consciousness is a philosophical puzzle that cannot be fully resolved by scientific methods. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A coherent stream of consciousness, resisting division into multiple streams. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The significant changes occurring in their immediate surroundings. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Selectivity of consciousness. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The capacity to simultaneously attend to multiple stimuli. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neisser &amp; Becklen (1975) dual-task experiment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Change blindness. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Full consciousness. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Collecting reports of thoughts and experiences at random points in time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The immediate environment and sensory experiences. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The emotional arousal and stress levels. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It's a natural stream of consciousness, often reflecting our current goals and concerns. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A desire to avoid that particular thought. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It illustrates the difficulty of maintaining a constant focus on a single object, reflecting the transient nature of consciousness. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chimps, orangutans, and elephants. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Being in a crowded public place. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A tendency towards depression. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide a sense of ownership over unconscious processes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability to unconsciously detect visual stimuli in the absence of conscious awareness. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Slow-wave brain activity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To transition the body from wakefulness to sleep. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dreams are more vivid and memorable during REM sleep. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both A and B. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Beta Waves (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>REM sleep (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sleep deprivation impairs memory consolidation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Impaired cognitive function and hallucinations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rats displayed increased aggression and social isolation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To process emotional experiences and regulate mood. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypnagogic state. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A hypothetical model of consciousness where a central observer experiences the flow of information. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To process emotional experiences and generate dreams. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Delta waves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It encompasses hidden memories, instincts, and desires. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Freudian slips in speech. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To keep unacceptable thoughts from consciousness. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Those who were told they might receive minor electric shocks. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hidden sexual thoughts and destructive urges. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Only crucial information gets through during early processing. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unattended messages are processed but at a lower intensity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It argues that all signals are processed and evaluated before a response selection. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>How task difficulty influences selection as early or late. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Participants showed GSR responses for words they did not consciously recognize. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The limited capacity of the information processing system. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Information can be processed outside of conscious awareness. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The capacity of selective attention when exposed to multiple messages. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some unattended information may still be processed unconsciously. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He demonstrated that fear responses can be triggered by auditory cues. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Changes in awareness due to drugs, alcohol, hypnosis, or meditation.

Dennet's concept where consciousness is viewed as a theatre in the mind.

Challenges in understanding subjective experience and awareness.

The difficulty of explaining consciousness as an internal self, leading to infinite regress.

The belief that individuals control their choices and decisions.

A perspective that considers behavior shaped by environment, limiting free will.

A field revealing how unconscious processes influence decisions.

The effects on how we treat others if free will is an illusion.

Sigmund Freud's concept of the mind's hidden processes influencing thoughts and behaviors.

An active system containing repressed memories, instincts, and desires as per Freud.

The process of keeping unacceptable thoughts and memories out of consciousness.

Speech errors believed to express true unconscious thoughts or desires.

Research showing emotional context affects unconscious behavior, evidenced by error rates.

People judge others based on their capacity for experience and agency.

1. Little experience & agency: e.g., dead person. 2. Experiences but little agency: e.g., baby. 3. Agency without experiences: e.g., robots.

The issue of how the mind relates to the brain and body.

Rene Descartes proposed the mind and body are different substances; mind influences body via the pineal gland.

Challenges how a non-physical mind interacts with the physical body.

Quality of consciousness being directed towards an object.

Resistance to division, maintaining a coherent experience.

Capacity to include some objects while excluding others.

The tendency of consciousness to change frequently over time.

Failure to notice significant visual changes in the environment.

Listening to different messages in each ear simultaneously.

Ability to focus on one conversation among many at a social event.

Different degrees of awareness about the self and environment.

Basic connection between the world and the mind without deep awareness.

Awareness that includes knowing and reporting mental states.

Awareness of oneself as an object, often with self-evaluation.

Method where participants report conscious experiences at random times.

A flow of seemingly purposeless thoughts that occur in consciousness.

Conscious avoidance of certain thoughts, often to eliminate worry.

Themes occupying consciousness, often about unresolved issues.

The process of focusing mental resources on a limited range of events.

A theory suggesting that only important messages are processed first in the mind due to limited capacity.

An experiment where different messages are presented to each ear to test attention and processing.

Treisman's theory that unattended messages are processed but dampened compared to the target message.

The limited capacity of information processing in the mind due to overwhelming data.

Deutsch and Deutsch's theory stating all inputs are processed before selection occurs, causing a bottleneck.

A physiological response indicating emotional or cognitive activity measured as skin conductance.

Nilli Lavie's theory suggesting that task difficulty determines whether attention selection is early or late.

A learned reaction to a stimulus (like words) associated with a negative experience, such as an electric shock.

Processing that occurs for information not in focus, sometimes without conscious awareness.

Ability to detect visual stimuli without conscious perception due to brain damage.

Natural 24-hour cycle regulating physiological processes, including sleep.

Five distinct phases of sleep including REM and deep sleep stages.

Stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movement and high brain activity.

Technique to measure brain activity during different sleep stages.

State between wakefulness and sleep, right before falling asleep.

Altered state of awareness experienced during dreaming, differs from waking.

Process by which short-term memories are strengthened into long-term memories, often during sleep.

Consequences of lack of sleep, including cognitive and emotional impairments.

Sudden muscle contraction experienced when falling asleep.

Deep sleep stages characterized by delta waves; essential for recovery.

People awaken during REM sleep are more likely to recall dreams than in non-REM.

Progression through various sleep stages that repeats every 90 minutes.

Type of memory involving recollection of specific events and experiences, linked to consciousness.

Maintaining optimal body temperature through sleep; impaired without it.