Psychology of Adolescents

• These are study notes based on the provided quizzes and cover topics related to the psychology of adolescents.

Psych of Adolescents - Quiz 1

• Sexual attraction can begin as early as infancy, occurring before puberty.
• Puberty typically does not start as early as age 5.
• Adolescent moodiness is not primarily attributed to constant changes in hormones.
• Stepdads may trigger early sexual development in girls through sexually mature pheromones.
• People with bulimia do not tend to be dangerously underweight.
• Not everyone with anorexia do not binge and purge.
• Girls who date at a young age, are teased about their weight, early maturers, and white girls are more susceptible to body dissatisfaction.
• Adolescents may be stuck in puberty stages longer than previous generations.
• This extended puberty period is considered negative due to the increased time for risky behavior.
• Hyper-reactivity to stress is one of the main manifestations of puberty.
• Development of primary and secondary sex characteristics are also main manifestations of puberty
• Early-maturing girls find puberty the most difficult.

Psych of Adolescents - Quiz 2

• Dating someone is not a contextual factor involved in adolescent's risky behavior.
• Metacognition is thinking about thinking.
• Refusing to attend class due to concern about a new haircut and potential ridicule is an example of facing an imaginary audience.
• Impulse control is not a cognitive ability that is fully developed by age 15.
• Classroom-based prevention programs are not effective in curbing adolescent risky behavior.
• Social norms are not viewed as optional or arbitrary by adolescents.
• During adolescence, the brain is constantly undergoing pruning, but not all regions are pruned simultaneously.
• The brain is shaped more by learning during adolescence than at any other time in life.
• Mentalizing does not require an adult to be in touch with their own emotional state to teach it to a child.

Psych of Adolescents - Quiz 3

• Traditional ceremonies do not typically mark the end of adolescence and signify full adulthood in societies with such customs.
• Emerging adulthood is a Western world concept and experience.
• American high schools do not effectively train adolescents to be dutiful citizens.
• Social redefinition in the U.S. is not a clear and continuous process compared to more traditional cultures.
• Circumcisions or scarifications are not one of the three common practices in social redefinition.
• Public schools foster conformity, most people will enter the workforce with virtually zero experience, and families are smaller.
• Friends is not one of the three main roles in adult life.
• Sexually mature people are living under the same roofs as parents for longer, which is a societal factor associated with the elongation of adolescence.

Psych of Adolescents - Quiz 4

• Adolescence may be a difficult time, in part, because parents believe it will be, creating a self-fulfilling prophecy.
• Girls do not tend to adjust to remarriage better than boys, especially if they are older.
• It is not important for families from other countries to adopt American values to reduce family conflict during adolescence.
• Divorced teens tend to be worried about things like finances or the overall impact of the divorce on their lives.
• One of the biggest determinants in whether or not a kid will adjust to remarriage is the type of relationship they have with the parent who is remarrying.
• Differential treatment of siblings by parents leads to sibling rivalry and damages the sibling relationship.
• All adolescents would benefit from spending more time with their non-custodial parent.
• Drug use is not easily influenced by siblings, even among those who are emotionally close.
• Adolescents are most likely to argue with their parents about preferences like music or clothing.
• Across all cultures, authoritarian parenting is considered the best type of parenting.
• A pre-teen/early adolescent boy is most likely to exhibit problems immediately following their parent's divorce.
• Authoritarian parenting might not be as problematic for minority adolescents, particularly if they live in dangerous communities.
• A teen is more likely to be involved in delinquency if one whose mom is remarried.
• There is not a significant difference in teens whose parents cohabitate vs those that are married.
• Divorce is likely easier on American kids than those from countries where it is less common, it may feel like a positive event in their life for some kids, and being raised by a single parent might be more beneficial than having step-parents.

Psych of Adolescents - Quiz 5

• Social support alone cannot buffer the effects of being bullied.
• Being likeable is not required to be popular.
• Popular kids are not typically aggressive.
• Conflict resolution training is very effective, unlike alternative schools which tend to exacerbate adolescent anti-social behavior.
• Anxious/awkward kids may be rejected because they make the other kids uncomfortable, victims adjust better if they are a member of the ethnic minority in the school, and dealing with bullying is easier if you see it happen to other people as well.
• Academic success has generally not been valued by adolescent youth culture.
• It does not happen within schools that are in good neighborhoods, ethnicity is not a big determinant in group/crowd membership, and cross-ethnic friendships are more common in very diverse schools are not true regarding ethnic segregation.
• Adolescents spend half the time with peers.
• Crowds do not set their own norms for things like music and clothing, and all adolescents will benefit from rejecting their crowd label.
• Adolescents who are interested in delinquency choose a peer group that supports that.
• Unpopular and rejected adolescents may misinterpret things as hostile when they are not, and that they may be over sensitive and lacking in social skills.
• Most research on aggression is focused on girls, and that girls are more sensitive to relational aggression.
• Crowds are based on stereotypes

Psych of Adolescents - Quiz 6

• There is too heavy an emphasis on teaching critical thinking and self-control.
• Gifted kids may feel boosted confidence when MS.
• Kids with disabilities or behavioral problems may worsen when not MS.
• There is little risk of abuse or dependency with ADHD meds.
• People in remedial tracks receive the same quality of education but different material.
• Middle school teachers are the least satisfied with and/or trusting of her students.
• Drop out Factory describes the 10% of American High Schools that produce 1/2 of the country's drop-outs.
• Because teachers may have more negative attitudes towards middle schoolers, academic motivation may drop during the transition into secondary school.
• There isn't a lot of data on homeschooling.
• Girls are not the demographic who are least likely to have problems with the transition into secondary school.
• No Child Left Behind is not an example of a very successful school-based reform policy.
• Having a small sized classroom is not most important and impactful on adolescents.
• Adolescents do not do best in schools that resemble authoritarian households.
• Tracking (academic) seems to have negative effects on academic achievement regardless of the track the student is in.
• Its not the size of the school, its the teacher-to-student ratio that determines the safety of the school
• Zero tolerance is not an effective approach for curbing school violence.
• The fact that 80% of students graduate on time is not proof that America has an amazing education system.

Psych of Adolescents - Quiz 7

• No media campaign has ever been able to curb adolescent's substance usage .
• Participation in extracurricular activities, may actually help some adolescent's grades improve.
• Research shows that the type of music you listen to has no effect one's thoughts or feelings.
• People can develop pathological dependencies on the internet and can become obsessive, addicted or even depressed as a result.
• In virtually every country across the globe, adolescents are expected to work and do work more than American teens.
• Adolescents who watch a lot of music videos tend to be more tolerant of sexual harassment.
• Teen employment seems to benefit mostly inner-city kids.
• For women, media exposure has been associated with poor body image and other issues.
• They become more responsible with money is not a benefit associated with working as an adolescent.
• Teens might be more stressed and rely on bad coping strategies, and because coworkers may be older and may be bad influences which is why employment might be associated with delinquency.
• When teens are unsupervised, during the bewitching hour, After school before parents gets home, and weekday afternoons is when delinquency is most likely to occur.
• Even when adults are presents, it is still associated with delinquency is not a true statement regarding adolescents who "hang out" with their friends (doing unstructured activities).
• It makes us more sensitive to violence is not true regarding violence on tv.

Psych of Adolescents - Quiz 8

• Economic ineptitude is not called when a working teen starts to become more financially independent and comfortable and as a result develops unrealistic and unsustainable expectations/habits about money and spending.
• There are many studies on media that are counter intuitive or contradictory is true regarding research on the media's impact on adolescent behavior .
• The statements that are not true regarding psychosocial moratorium is the statement that is is an experience that not every adolescent will have.
• Delinquent adolescents are low in agreeableness is true based on that OCEAN Traits
• An adolescents self concept becomes more Integrative and Organized.

Psych of Adolescents - Quiz 9

• Impulsivity is not among some of the last cognitive abilities to develop.
• Being religious is a protective factor against delinquency.
• Religion is more impactful on prosocial development than it is on deterring problem behavior.
• Having the "sex talk" with one's teen does not make them more susceptible to peer pressure.
• The process of becoming autonomous and more separate from families is not a pattern only observed in humans and is likely caused by cultural socialization.
• Religiosity among adolescents is not a heavily studied topic.
• Kids from authoritative homes are more susceptible to all forms of peer pressure.
• The image of the "all-knowing parent" can help kids to feel less anxious, losing that view of their parents during adolescence can be really difficult on the teen and on the parents.
• Moving away for college often makes adolescent-parent relationships better.
• Forcing participation in community service is likely still has benefits on prosocial development is one of the following is NOT TRUE regarding civic engagement?
• Authoritarian parenting style would be most associated with rebellion

Psych of Adolescents - Quiz 10

• Susceptibility probably has to do with the high reinforcer value of social acceptance is what's true regarding susceptibility to peer pressure?
• Families that stress closeness have more prosocial teens is true regarding moral reasoning/prosocial behavior?
• All of these are true for factors associated with girls who begin dating early?
• Having friendships with the opposite sex is highly important for the development is not true regarding friendships with the opposite sex?
• Girl develop intimacy sooner than boys?

Psych of Adolescents - Quiz 11

• Early sex is associated with a "pseudo maturity" personality profile.
• Sexuality and sexual arousal are virtually non-existent before puberty.
• The following that are TRUE regarding intimacy and conflict among adolescent boys and girls:
  • Boys conflicts are more likely to resort to physical aggression
  • Co-rumination increases likelihood of depression in girls
  • Co-rumination may increase boys feelings of closeness to friends
• When a parent talks to their kid about sex, their child is less likely to have sex or they will at least wait til they are older.
• Sexual coercion is more likely to occur when there is a big age gap.
• AIDS and HIV are decreasing in prevalence among the adolescent population.
• Teens in the US are having abortions at alarming rates especially in comparison to countries like Sweden & Denmark.
• Middle class teen girls are more likely than girls from low SES, to abort their pregnancy.
• One major deficit in current sex ed programs is training in assertive communication.
• The main reason why adolescents do not use contraception is that they don't consider themselves to be sexually active.
• All of these will lead to sexual harassment, not exclude.

Psych of Adolescents - Quiz 12

• When students do poorly on tasks that they believe are difficult for people in their ethnic group.
• Too much time is spent on writing and on science are not factors associated with low achievement for High School Students in the US.
• The more Americanized an adolescent is, the earlier they have sex, children of immigrants are more cognitively engaged than their peers are all the reasons that it is true regarding achievement of adolescents who are immigrants.
• Intelligence is not a Noncognitive factor associated with achievement
• One of the biggest predictors of educational and occupational achievement is socioeconomics.
• Middle class teen girls are more likely than girls from low SES, to abort their pregnancy.
• Having high achieving friends is protective factors for teens from single parent homes.
• Fear of failure is not really an important factor when it comes to achievement.
• Some ethnic minority students will purposefully do poorly in school because they fear achievement will not be accepted by their peers.