Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does the 'I' represent in the context of self as proposed by William James?
What does the 'I' represent in the context of self as proposed by William James?
Which component of Freud's personality theory represents the moral and judgmental part?
Which component of Freud's personality theory represents the moral and judgmental part?
How is self-identity primarily defined?
How is self-identity primarily defined?
In psychology, what does self-concept primarily refer to?
In psychology, what does self-concept primarily refer to?
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What is the role of the Ego according to Freud's theory of personality?
What is the role of the Ego according to Freud's theory of personality?
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Which aspect of the self is influenced by experiences and social interactions?
Which aspect of the self is influenced by experiences and social interactions?
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What distinguishes self-identity from self-concept?
What distinguishes self-identity from self-concept?
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Which of the following components of Freud's theory represents our instinctual drives?
Which of the following components of Freud's theory represents our instinctual drives?
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What does George Herbert Mead argue about the self and identity?
What does George Herbert Mead argue about the self and identity?
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Which of the following best describes the 'private self' identified by Carver and Scheier?
Which of the following best describes the 'private self' identified by Carver and Scheier?
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How do self-schemas contribute to self-awareness?
How do self-schemas contribute to self-awareness?
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What is the consequence of upward social comparison?
What is the consequence of upward social comparison?
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Which aspect of self-awareness can have a detrimental effect on an individual’s mental state?
Which aspect of self-awareness can have a detrimental effect on an individual’s mental state?
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Which of these is NOT one of the three types of self-schemas identified?
Which of these is NOT one of the three types of self-schemas identified?
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What may happen as a result of having a negative self-comparison?
What may happen as a result of having a negative self-comparison?
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Which of the following statements about self-concept is true?
Which of the following statements about self-concept is true?
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Study Notes
Nature and Nurture Perspective
- According to George Herbert Mead, the self is created and developed through social interactions.
- There are three reasons why our sense of self and identity are social products:
- We don't develop our sense of self in isolation.
- We rely on others' affirmation and reinforcement to validate our self-image.
- Our values and priorities are often influenced by our social and historical context.
Self-Awareness
- Carver and Scheier identified two types of self-awareness:
- Private Self: Our internal standards, thoughts, and feelings.
- Public Self: Our public image, often geared towards presenting a favorable image to others.
- There are three self-schemas:
- Actual Self: Who we are at the moment.
- Ideal Self: Who we aspire to be.
- Ought Self: Who we believe we should be.
- Self-awareness can be positive or negative, depending on the situation and our response. It can protect us from harm, but excessive self-consciousness can lead to anxiety and self-doubt.
Social Comparison
- Our social relationships influence our self-esteem through social comparison.
- Downward Social Comparison: Comparing ourselves to those who are less well-off, leading to a positive self-concept.
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Upward Social Comparison: Comparing ourselves to those who are better off, leading to various reactions:
- Distancing ourselves from the individual or redefining the relationship.
- Reconsidering the importance of the skill or aspect in which we were outperformed.
- Motivating us to improve.
- Narcissism can develop in attempts to maintain or increase self-esteem.
The Self as a Cognitive Construction
- Psychology focuses on the individual's brain, mind, and behavior, different from sociology and anthropology which study society and cultures.
- William James, an early psychologist, defined the self as having two aspects:
- "I": The thinking, acting, and feeling self.
- "Me": Physical characteristics and psychological capabilities that make up our identity.
Carl Rogers' Theory
- Carl Rogers also used the terms "I" and "Me":
- "I": The individual who acts and makes decisions.
- "Me": What we think and feel about ourselves as an object.
- "I": Represents the individual's subjective sense of self, including values, beliefs, and experiences.
- "Me": Represents the individual's self-perception, shaped by their experiences and interactions.
Self-Identity & Self-Concept
- Self-Identity: Personal characteristics, social roles, responsibilities, and affiliations that define who we are.
- Self-Concept: Our basic understanding of who we are when asked.
- Both self-identity and self-concept are not fixed and are constantly evolving.
Sigmund Freud's Theory
- Sigmund Freud viewed the self, mental processes, and behavior as a result of the interaction between the Id, Ego, and Superego:
- Id: The impulsive part of personality driven by pleasure and avoidance of pain (instinct).
- Ego: The conscious part of personality that mediates between the Id and Superego (reality).
- Superego: The moral, judgmental part of personality.
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Description
Explore the concepts of self-awareness and identity in this quiz. Learn how social interactions shape our sense of self, and delve into the distinctions between private and public self-awareness. You'll also examine the different types of self-schemas and their implications on our personal growth.
