Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of stress is characterized as being beneficial or positive?
What type of stress is characterized as being beneficial or positive?
Which component is NOT part of the three-factor model of happiness?
Which component is NOT part of the three-factor model of happiness?
What best describes the diathesis-stress model?
What best describes the diathesis-stress model?
Which type of coping strategy focuses on managing emotional responses?
Which type of coping strategy focuses on managing emotional responses?
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Which of the following involves a talk-based therapy approach?
Which of the following involves a talk-based therapy approach?
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What is the primary characteristic of intrinsic rewards?
What is the primary characteristic of intrinsic rewards?
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According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which of the following is the highest level?
According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which of the following is the highest level?
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Which cognitive bias describes the tendency to attribute others' actions to their personality while attributing one's own actions to external circumstances?
Which cognitive bias describes the tendency to attribute others' actions to their personality while attributing one's own actions to external circumstances?
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Why is REM sleep considered crucial for learning?
Why is REM sleep considered crucial for learning?
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In social psychology, which term describes the influence of a single positive trait on overall judgment?
In social psychology, which term describes the influence of a single positive trait on overall judgment?
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Which type of motivation is considered more effective for straightforward, repetitive tasks?
Which type of motivation is considered more effective for straightforward, repetitive tasks?
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What was the primary finding of Milgram's Obedience Study?
What was the primary finding of Milgram's Obedience Study?
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Which of these accurately represents collectivism in social attitudes?
Which of these accurately represents collectivism in social attitudes?
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Study Notes
Motivation
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Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Rewards:
- Intrinsic rewards are internal satisfaction (e.g., enjoying a task).
- Extrinsic rewards are external incentives (e.g., money, grades).
- Intrinsic rewards are best for creative, passion-driven tasks.
- Extrinsic rewards are effective for straightforward, repetitive tasks but may hinder creativity.
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Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs:
- Five levels: physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.
- Lower needs must be met before higher ones.
- Basic needs (e.g., hunger, safety) are crucial for learning.
Social Psychology
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Social Attitudes:
- Individualism emphasizes personal independence (common in Western cultures).
- Collectivism focuses on group goals and harmony (common in Eastern cultures).
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Cognitive Biases:
- Halo effect: A positive trait influences overall judgment (e.g., thinking a kind teacher is intelligent).
Key Experiments
- Asch's Conformity Study: People conform to group opinions, even if wrong.
- Milgram's Obedience Study: People obey authority, even harmful orders, especially under pressure.
Sleep
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Stages of Sleep:
- NREM (Non-REM) includes light to deep sleep, crucial for physical recovery.
- REM (Rapid Eye Movement) is the dreaming stage, essential for memory and learning.
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Why We Sleep:
- Sleep consolidates memories and restores physical health.
- Sleep deprivation negatively impacts learning and focus.
Stress and Happiness
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Stress:
- Stimulus-based stress is from external factors (e.g., deadlines).
- Response-based stress involves physical or emotional reactions.
- Appraisal-based stress is interpreting events (e.g., seeing an exam as a threat).
- Eustress is positive stress (e.g., preparing for a performance).
- Distress is harmful stress (e.g., chronic financial issues).
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Coping Strategies:
- Problem-focused coping addresses the issue directly.
- Emotion-focused coping manages emotional responses.
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Happiness:
- Three-factor model of happiness consists of pleasant life (hedonic), good life (engagement), and meaningful life (purpose).
- Major events temporarily affect happiness; people usually return to baseline levels.
Psychological Disorders and Treatments
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Defining Disorders:
- Disorders involve significant dysfunction in thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.
- Challenges include subjective interpretation and stigma.
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Diathesis-Stress Model:
- Combines genetic predisposition and environmental triggers. (e.g., stress causing depression in someone predisposed).
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Treatments:
- Psychotherapy (e.g., Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy): Changes negative thoughts and alters behaviors.
- Biomedical Therapy: Medications or procedures targeting biological causes (e.g., antidepressants).
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Description
This quiz explores key concepts in psychology, including intrinsic and extrinsic rewards, Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, and social attitudes. Additionally, it delves into cognitive biases and significant psychological experiments. Test your understanding of these foundational ideas.
