Psychology Models of Psychopathology
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Questions and Answers

Which model emphasizes the significance of social and cultural forces in human functioning?

  • Biological model
  • Sociocultural model (correct)
  • Cognitive-Behavioral model
  • Humanistic-Existential model

What is the primary focus of the psychodynamic model in understanding abnormal behavior?

  • Unconscious internal processes and conflicts (correct)
  • Biological factors and genetics
  • Conscious reasoning and logic
  • Social climate and cultural norms

Which treatment uses electrical currents to induce seizures in patients, often for severe depression?

  • Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) (correct)
  • Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
  • Antipsychotic medications
  • Antidepressant medications

What term is used to describe the view that a single cause is responsible for abnormal behavior?

<p>One-dimensional model (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which model of abnormal psychology is often associated with values and personal choices?

<p>Humanistic-Existential model (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of medication is primarily used to manage mood swings in individuals with bipolar disorder?

<p>Antibipolar drugs (mood stabilizers) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following models would most likely consider an individual’s family interactions as significant in understanding their behavior?

<p>Family-social perspectives (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment modality focuses on correcting the ways behaviors are learned and improving underlying thought patterns?

<p>Cognitive-Behavioral therapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS)?

<p>To stimulate the vagus nerve and deliver electrical signals to the brain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which psychosexual stage is characterized by pleasure derived from bowel movements and urination?

<p>Anal Stage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes Freud's concept of the id?

<p>The primal part that seeks immediate gratification (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of therapy involves a patient focusing on a specific problem linked to psychodynamic issues?

<p>Short-term psychodynamic therapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Freud's psychosexual stages, what happens if an individual develops fixation during the oral stage?

<p>Dependency on others and excessive smoking (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about deep brain stimulation is accurate?

<p>Electrodes are implanted into the brain areas and connected to a battery in the chest. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which twin aspects does the psychological model emphasize in shaping behavior?

<p>Cognitive processes and unconscious forces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus during the latency stage of Freud's psychosexual development?

<p>Sexuality is primarily dormant or latent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

One-Dimensional Model

  • Attempts to explain behavior based on a single cause
  • Fails to consider the complex interplay of factors contributing to psychopathology

Multidimensional Model

  • Acknowledges the interconnectedness of various influences on psychopathology
  • Emphasizes the need to consider biological, behavioral, emotional, social, and developmental factors in a holistic way

Demonological Model

  • Popular during the Middle Ages
  • Attributed abnormal behavior to demonic possession or supernatural forces

Biological Model

  • Focuses on physical processes as the basis for human behavior
  • Emphasizes the role of genetics, neurotransmitters, brain structure, and function

Psychodynamic Model

  • Highlights the influence of unconscious internal processes and conflicts
  • Developed by Sigmund Freud, emphasizes the id, ego, and superego

Cognitive-Behavioral Model

  • Highlights learned behaviors and thoughts as the foundation of psychopathology
  • Focuses on modifying behaviors and thought patterns to address psychological issues

Humanistic-Existential Model

  • Emphasizes the role of personal values and choices in shaping human behavior
  • Stresses the importance of self-actualization and meaning in life

Sociocultural Model

  • Views social and cultural factors as key determinants of human functioning
  • Considers the impact of social structures, cultural norms, and societal influences on behavior

Family-Social Perspectives

  • Focuses on the influence of family dynamics and social interactions on psychopathology
  • Emphasizes the role of relationships and social support systems

Multicultural Perspective

  • Emphasizes the influence of culture and shared beliefs, values, and history in shaping behavior
  • Recognizes the unique experiences of individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds

Biological Treatments

  • Utilizes various biological interventions to address psychological disorders
  • Includes psychotropic medications, brain stimulation techniques, and psychosurgery

Psychotropic Medications

  • Antianxiety drugs (anxiolytics) reduce tension and anxiety
  • Antidepressants improve functioning in depression and other conditions
  • Antibipolar drugs (mood stabilizers) stabilize moods in bipolar disorder
  • Antipsychotic drugs reduce confusion, hallucinations, and delusions associated with psychosis

Brain Stimulation

  • Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) involves passing an electrical current through the brain to treat severe depression
  • Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) uses magnetic pulses to stimulate specific brain areas for depression treatment
  • Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) involves implanting a device to stimulate the vagus nerve, which connects to the brain, to treat depression

Psychosurgery

  • Trephining involved drilling holes in skulls to treat mental disorders
  • Lobotomy involved severing connections between brain regions
  • Deep brain stimulation uses electrodes to stimulate specific brain areas to treat various disorders

Psychological Model

  • Believes that unconscious psychological forces drive behavior
  • Focuses on the dynamic interplay of the id, ego, and superego

Sigmund Freud

  • Proposed the id (primitive urges), ego (mediator), and superego (moral compass) as central forces shaping personality
  • Introduced the concept of ego defense mechanisms to manage unacceptable impulses and anxiety

Psychosexual Stages

  • Each stage of development involves new challenges and adjustments in the id, ego, and superego

  • Successful adjustments lead to personal growth

  • Oral Stage: (birth - 1 ½ years) pleasure from mouth; fixation can lead to smoking, dependency

  • Anal Stage: (1 ½ - 3 years) pleasure from bowel movements; fixation can result in controlling or easily angered personality

  • Phallic Stage: (3-6 years) pleasure from genitals; fixation can lead to guilt or anxiety about sex

  • Latency Stage: (6-puberty) sexual urges are dormant

  • Genital Stage: (puberty onward) pleasure from genitals; sexual urges return

  • Short-term Psychodynamic Therapy: focuses on a single problem and related psychodynamic issues
  • Relational Psychoanalytic Therapy: promotes a more equal therapist-patient relationship

Cognitive-Behavioral Model

  • Highlights the interplay of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in psychopathology
  • Emphasizes the role of learning and conditioning in developing and maintaining psychological disorders

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Description

This quiz explores various models of psychopathology, including the One-Dimensional, Multidimensional, Demonological, Biological, Psychodynamic, and Cognitive-Behavioral approaches. Each model provides unique insights into the causes of abnormal behavior and the complexities of mental health. Test your knowledge on these foundational concepts in psychology.

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