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Questions and Answers
What can be a feature of catatonia in schizophrenia?
What can be a feature of catatonia in schizophrenia?
What is the term for the involuntary imitation of another person's movements?
What is the term for the involuntary imitation of another person's movements?
What is the term for a sign of catatonia in which the patient's head is a few centimeters above the bed or pillow?
What is the term for a sign of catatonia in which the patient's head is a few centimeters above the bed or pillow?
What is the term for a mental condition in which a person has blindness, paralysis, or other nervous system symptoms that cannot be explained by medical evaluation?
What is the term for a mental condition in which a person has blindness, paralysis, or other nervous system symptoms that cannot be explained by medical evaluation?
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What is the term for the phenomenon where a person's symptoms relieve their anxiety associated with conflict?
What is the term for the phenomenon where a person's symptoms relieve their anxiety associated with conflict?
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What is the term for the increased or decreased rate and quantity of speech?
What is the term for the increased or decreased rate and quantity of speech?
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What is mental status examination?
What is mental status examination?
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Which of the following is a component of general appearance and behavior in mental status examination?
Which of the following is a component of general appearance and behavior in mental status examination?
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What is transvestism?
What is transvestism?
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What is judged during the assessment of attitude towards the examiner in mental status examination?
What is judged during the assessment of attitude towards the examiner in mental status examination?
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Which of the following is not a component of mental status examination?
Which of the following is not a component of mental status examination?
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What is observed during the assessment of gait and posture in mental status examination?
What is observed during the assessment of gait and posture in mental status examination?
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Study Notes
Mental Status Examination (MSE)
- Mental Status is the total expression of a person's emotional responses, mood, cognitive function, and personality.
- General components of MSE include:
General Appearance and Behavior
- General appearance: body build, physical appearance, comfort level, physical health, grooming, hygiene, self-care, and dressing.
- Facies (non-verbal expression of mood).
- Attitude towards the examiner: cooperation, guardedness, evasiveness, or hostility.
- Comprehension: intact or impaired (partially or fully).
- Gait and posture: normal or abnormal.
- Motor activity: increased, decreased, excitement, stupor, or abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) like tics, tremors.
- Restlessness, akathisia, catatonic signs, conversion, and dissociative signs.
Catatonic Signs
- Mannerisms: odd, circumstantial caricatures of normal actions.
- Posturing: spontaneous and active maintenance of a posture against gravity.
- Waxy flexibility: decreased response to stimuli and tendency to remain in an immobile posture.
- Negativism: opposition or no response to instructions or external stimuli.
- Ambitendency: pattern of incomplete motor responses in anticipation of a voluntary action.
- Automatic obedience: exaggerated attempt to cooperate with a request or command.
- Echopraxia: involuntary imitation of the movements of another person.
- Psychological pillow: sign of catatonia in which the patient's head is a few centimeters above the bed or pillow.
Speech
- Rate and quantity of speech: whether present or absent (mutism), rapid or slow, pressured or poverty of speech.
- Productivity: increased or decreased.
- Volume and tone of speech: increased or decreased.
- Flow and rhythm of speech: smooth or hesitant.
- Dysprosody: abnormal speech rhythm or melody.
- Blocking: sudden interruption in speech.
- Circumstantiality: indirect or vague speech.
- Tangentiality: speech that is not relevant to the conversation.
Hallucinatory Behavior
- Smiling or crying without reason.
- Muttering, mumbling, or talking to self (non-social speech).
- Odd gesturing in response to auditory or visual hallucinations.
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Description
Assess your understanding of mental status examination and principles of psychiatric nursing interview, including components of mental status, general appearance, behavior, speech, mood, and cognitive functions.
