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Questions and Answers
What can be a feature of catatonia in schizophrenia?
What is the term for the involuntary imitation of another person's movements?
What is the term for a sign of catatonia in which the patient's head is a few centimeters above the bed or pillow?
What is the term for a mental condition in which a person has blindness, paralysis, or other nervous system symptoms that cannot be explained by medical evaluation?
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What is the term for the phenomenon where a person's symptoms relieve their anxiety associated with conflict?
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What is the term for the increased or decreased rate and quantity of speech?
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What is mental status examination?
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Which of the following is a component of general appearance and behavior in mental status examination?
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What is transvestism?
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What is judged during the assessment of attitude towards the examiner in mental status examination?
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Which of the following is not a component of mental status examination?
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What is observed during the assessment of gait and posture in mental status examination?
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Study Notes
Mental Status Examination (MSE)
- Mental Status is the total expression of a person's emotional responses, mood, cognitive function, and personality.
- General components of MSE include:
General Appearance and Behavior
- General appearance: body build, physical appearance, comfort level, physical health, grooming, hygiene, self-care, and dressing.
- Facies (non-verbal expression of mood).
- Attitude towards the examiner: cooperation, guardedness, evasiveness, or hostility.
- Comprehension: intact or impaired (partially or fully).
- Gait and posture: normal or abnormal.
- Motor activity: increased, decreased, excitement, stupor, or abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) like tics, tremors.
- Restlessness, akathisia, catatonic signs, conversion, and dissociative signs.
Catatonic Signs
- Mannerisms: odd, circumstantial caricatures of normal actions.
- Posturing: spontaneous and active maintenance of a posture against gravity.
- Waxy flexibility: decreased response to stimuli and tendency to remain in an immobile posture.
- Negativism: opposition or no response to instructions or external stimuli.
- Ambitendency: pattern of incomplete motor responses in anticipation of a voluntary action.
- Automatic obedience: exaggerated attempt to cooperate with a request or command.
- Echopraxia: involuntary imitation of the movements of another person.
- Psychological pillow: sign of catatonia in which the patient's head is a few centimeters above the bed or pillow.
Speech
- Rate and quantity of speech: whether present or absent (mutism), rapid or slow, pressured or poverty of speech.
- Productivity: increased or decreased.
- Volume and tone of speech: increased or decreased.
- Flow and rhythm of speech: smooth or hesitant.
- Dysprosody: abnormal speech rhythm or melody.
- Blocking: sudden interruption in speech.
- Circumstantiality: indirect or vague speech.
- Tangentiality: speech that is not relevant to the conversation.
Hallucinatory Behavior
- Smiling or crying without reason.
- Muttering, mumbling, or talking to self (non-social speech).
- Odd gesturing in response to auditory or visual hallucinations.
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Description
Assess your understanding of mental status examination and principles of psychiatric nursing interview, including components of mental status, general appearance, behavior, speech, mood, and cognitive functions.
