Psychology Levels of Consciousness

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Questions and Answers

Which stage of sleep is characterized by easily waking up an individual?

  • Light sleep
  • Deep sleep
  • REM sleep
  • Non-REM stage one (correct)

What type of sleep is primarily associated with vivid dreaming?

  • Deep sleep
  • Light sleep
  • Non-REM sleep
  • REM sleep (correct)

Which of the following is NOT considered a Non-REM parasomnia?

  • Sleepwalking
  • Night terrors (correct)
  • Sleep-related eating disorders
  • Confusional arousals

Circadian rhythms are influenced by which of the following factors?

<p>Light exposure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common effect of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance?

<p>Impaired cognitive performance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of Non-REM sleep does an individual experience deep sleep?

<p>Stage three (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is a type of parasomnia that occurs during REM sleep?

<p>Sexsomnia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Biorhythms play a critical role in regulating which bodily function?

<p>Immune function (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What behavior is commonly associated with Non-REM parasomnias?

<p>Physical movement without awareness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of disrupted circadian rhythms due to shift work?

<p>Increased risk of accidents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What health problems are associated with chronic sleep deprivation?

<p>Increased risk of diabetes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of circadian rhythms in health?

<p>They regulate physiological processes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does hypnosis influence suggestibility?

<p>Hypnosis merely influences suggestibility without guaranteeing action (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a trance state from sleep?

<p>In trance, one focuses on specific stimuli while remaining partially aware (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary benefit of meditation?

<p>Intensive reflection of the higher self (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic behavior might a confrontational individual exhibit towards suggestions?

<p>Skepticism and questioning of suggestions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about suggestibility is accurate?

<p>It varies among individuals regardless of hypnosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is false regarding a trance state?

<p>Individuals in trance are completely unconscious (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be prioritized for optimal health according to the content?

<p>Adequate and consistent sleep (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What emotion might a person experience while meditating?

<p>Happiness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of psychological content is stored in the preconscious level of consciousness?

<p>Accessible memories and thoughts not actively considered (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes alertness in the context of awareness?

<p>The readiness to respond to environmental stimuli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of consciousness is primarily responsible for processing information actively at any given moment?

<p>Conscious (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What predominantly occurs during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep?

<p>Decreased brain activity with rapid eye movements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When individuals experience low levels of arousal, they typically seek which type of activities?

<p>Risky and stimulating activities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the unconscious mind according to the content provided?

<p>It consists mainly of repressed unpleasant content (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes attention in the context of awareness?

<p>The ability to process information and focus while ignoring distractions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do emotions, thoughts, and physical states influence arousal levels?

<p>They can cause a shift in an individual's optimal arousal level. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of repression in the unconscious mind?

<p>To prevent harm from distressing thoughts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant characteristic of non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep?

<p>Stable and restful brain functions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Levels of Consciousness

Three levels: preconscious, conscious, unconscious that influence behavior.

Preconscious

Contains accessible memories and thoughts not currently in focus.

Conscious

The current awareness of thoughts, feelings, and environment.

Unconscious

Contains repressed thoughts and memories not accessible to awareness.

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Arousal

Psychological alertness that varies for each individual.

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Attention

Ability to focus on specific stimuli while ignoring others.

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Alertness

State of being aware and ready to respond to surroundings.

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REM Sleep

Rapid Eye Movement sleep; associated with vivid dreams.

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Non-REM Sleep

A type of sleep lacking rapid eye movements; restorative.

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Sleep Structure

The two primary sleep stages: REM and non-REM.

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Chronic Sleep Deprivation

Long-term lack of adequate sleep linked to health issues.

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Circadian Rhythms

Biological processes that follow a 24-hour cycle affecting behaviors like sleep.

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Health Risks of Sleep Deprivation

Increased likelihood of diabetes, heart disease, and infection susceptibility.

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Hypnosis

A state of focused attention and awareness that enhances concentration.

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Suggestibility

The tendency to accept and act on suggestions from others.

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Meditation

A practice of deep concentration that leads to relaxation and reflection.

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Trance State

A state of mind with focused attention, yet reduced awareness of surroundings.

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Impact of Sleep on Health

Adequate sleep supports health and maintains circadian rhythms.

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Infection Resistance

The ability to fight off infections, weakened by sleep deprivation.

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State of Relaxation

A mental state during meditation or hypnosis that promotes positive emotions.

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Parasomnias

Unusual behaviors or experiences during sleep or upon waking.

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Sleep Terrors

A type of parasomnia where a person wakes up terrified but is still asleep.

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Sleep Deprivation

Lack of sleep leading to negative impacts on health and performance.

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Light Exposure

A cue that influences circadian rhythms and sleep patterns.

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Sleep-Related Eating Disorders

A parasomnia involving eating while asleep.

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Sleepwalking

A non-REM parasomnia where an individual walks while still asleep.

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Biological Clock

An internal mechanism guiding the circadian rhythms of an organism.

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Study Notes

Levels of Consciousness

  • Personality and behavior arise from conflicting psychological forces, existing at three levels: preconscious, conscious, and unconscious.
  • The preconscious mind holds memories, thoughts, and feelings that can be accessed by the conscious mind.
  • The conscious mind encompasses current thoughts and feelings, including awareness of the environment.
  • The unconscious mind contains repressed information, often unpleasant experiences, to prevent harm.

Arousal, Attention, and Alertness

  • Arousal is psychological alertness stemming from emotional, mental, or physical states.
  • Individuals vary in optimal arousal levels.
  • High arousal leads to seeking calming activities; low arousal leads to seeking stimulating activities.
  • Attention is the ability to process information and respond to stimuli.
  • Attention involves focusing on one stimulus and ignoring others.
  • Alertness is awareness and readiness to respond to surroundings.

Sleep Structure and Dreaming

  • Sleep occurs in two main forms: REM (rapid eye movement) and non-REM.
  • REM sleep is characterized by rapid eye movements, decreased brain activity, and dreaming.
  • Non-REM sleep has three phases: initial light sleep, followed by a deeper sleep phase, and then a very deep sleep phase.
  • Non-REM sleep is associated with slowed muscle activity, preventing actions during dreams.

Parasomnias

  • Parasomnias are unusual behaviors or experiences during sleep or upon waking.
  • These behaviors can include sleep terrors, sleepwalking, sleep-related eating disorders, and more.
  • Categories often depend on the sleep phase (REM vs. non-REM)

Biorhythms and Effects of Sleep Deprivation

  • Circadian rhythms are internal processes regulating physiological activities, including the sleep-wake cycle.
  • Circadian rhythms are influenced by light, activity, and other cues.
  • Disrupting circadian rhythms through, for example, sleep deprivation, negatively affects health.
  • Sleep deprivation leads to problems such as fatigue, decreased alertness, productivity issues, cognitive impairment and mood swings.
  • Chronic sleep deprivation increases risks of developing chronic illnesses like diabetes and heart disease.

Hypnosis and Suggestibility

  • Hypnosis involves a heightened state of awareness with improved concentration on tasks; suggestibility is the tendency to accept suggestions and act on them.
  • Suggestibility is not solely dependent on hypnosis; heightened awareness does not guarantee a person will be suggestible.

Meditation and Trances

  • Meditation involves focusing on objects/stimuli until immersion, leading to deep relaxation and positive feelings.
  • Trance is a state of reduced awareness in which the individual is not fully responsive to their surroundings but still maintains some awareness of their environment.

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