29 Questions
Which substance can cause a combination of vertical, horizontal, and even rotary nystagmus?
Phencyclidine
What is a possible etiology of horizontal nystagmus other than alcohols?
Solvents
In the context of nystagmus, what finding is associated with MAO inhibitor overdose?
Periodic gaze disturbances
What substance can be recognized by a bitter almonds odor in cases of poisoning?
Cyanide
Which condition is suggested by severe pallor in the context of skin findings?
Ergot intoxication
What skin finding is associated with atropine and other antimuscarinic agents?
Flushed, hot, and dry skin
What are the important variables in the autonomic physical examination for a poisoned patient?
Blood pressure, Pulse rate, Pupil size, Sweating, Peristaltic activity
How can clinical toxin-pattern recognition be achieved in poisoned patients?
By observing specific symptom complexes associated with certain toxins
What is the purpose of the concept of 'toxidromes'?
To assist clinicians in identifying toxins by specific symptom complexes
What is the definition of 'Lethargic' according to the text?
Drowsy and needing gentle touch to initiate response
In a poisoned patient, what should the clinician focus on regarding the patient's sensorium?
Mental status and level of consciousness
Why is taking a history not always reliable for determining the toxin in a poisoned patient?
The symptoms of poisoning can mimic other medical conditions
Which syndrome is characterized by excessive stimulation causing depolarization blockage, tachycardia followed by bradycardia, and muscle fasciculations followed by paralysis?
Nicotinic-cholinergic syndrome
What is a common symptom of mixed-cholinergic syndrome?
Dilated pupils and dry skin
Which drug category inhibits the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) by blocking the action of acetylcholine?
Antihistamines
What are the symptoms of anticholinergic syndrome?
Dilated pupils, hot and dry skin, urinary retention
Which type of poisoning can lead to miosis, increased peristaltic activity, and muscle weakness or paralysis?
Organophosphate poisoning
Which of the following medications is least likely to cause seizures due to overdose?
Cocaine
Which type of coma may be mistaken for brain death in cases of deep coma due to opioid or sedative-hypnotic intoxication?
Flaccid coma with absent reflexes
Which adrenergic receptor type is responsible for vasodilation and bronchodilation?
Beta-2
Which symptom is associated with alpha-adrenergic syndrome in the nervous system?
Hypotension
Which class of drugs is associated with mixed alpha and beta-adrenergic syndrome resulting in dilated pupils and tachycardia?
Amphetamines
In sympatholytic syndrome, which of the following is NOT a characteristic symptom?
Increased heart rate
Which term best describes a patient who responds slowly to external stimulation and needs repeated stimulation to maintain attention and response?
Obtunded
What type of hallucinatory pattern is specific for phencyclidine (PCP) intoxication?
Complex hallucinations
Which drug can cause a unique 'spinal seizure' characterized by generalized seizures in an alert patient?
Strychnine
What motor signs are characteristic of tremors, hyporeflexia, and hyperreflexia?
Tremors, hyporeflexia, and hyperreflexia
Which drug-induced seizures require specific antidotal therapies instead of conventional antiseizure medication?
Strychnine-induced seizures
What type of hallucinatory pattern does a patient typically experience with lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)?
(Combination of illusions, hallucinations, and pseudohallucinations)
Explore different levels of consciousness such as obtunded, stuporous, confused, and comatose, along with hallucinatory patterns associated with certain drugs.
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