Psychology Learning Principles Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which statement best reflects the principle of Hebbian learning?

  • Neurons that fire together may become less efficient.
  • Neurons only develop connections if they are activated simultaneously.
  • Neurons that fire together may wire together. (correct)
  • Neural connections are strengthened by an increased firing rate alone.

    • What is the primary effect of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the brain?

  • Increased neurotransmitter release in the synapse. (correct)
  • Decrease in the strength of synaptic connections over time.
  • Permanent structural change in neuronal anatomy.
  • Reduction in the brain's ability to process information effectively.

    • In the context of classical conditioning, which factor primarily affects the strength of the conditioned response (CR)?

  • The timing of the conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US). (correct)
  • The duration of exposure to the unconditioned stimulus (US).
  • The physiological difference between CS and US.
  • The type of unconditioned response (UR) involved.

    • Which of the following best describes Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity (STDP)?

    <p>It is most effective when the pre-synaptic neuron fires before the post-synaptic neuron.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What outcome results from extinction in classical conditioning?

    <p>There is a gradual reduction in the strength of the conditioned response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is often treated using exposure therapy to extinguish excessive fear responses?

    <p>Anxiety Disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does cue exposure therapy (CET) play in treating drug addiction?

    <p>It reduces fear responses associated with drug cues to prevent relapse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do neurons strengthen synaptic connections according to Hebb's principle?

    <p>Through increased metabolic changes when firing occurs consistently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during spontaneous recovery in classical conditioning?

    <p>The CR reemerges after a time of non-exposure to the US.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can lead to long-term depression instead of potentiation?

    <p>Infrequent firing of the pre-synaptic neuron relative to the post-synaptic neuron.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Learning

    • Learning is a long-term change in behaviour resulting from experience.
    • This change is reflected in the alteration of synaptic strength.

    Hebbian Learning

    • Proposed by Hebb (1949).
    • The principle states that neurons that repeatedly fire together, wire together.
    • This means that if two neurons fire simultaneously, the connection between them strengthens.

    Long-Term Potentiation (LTP)

    • LTP is the strengthening of synaptic connections over time.
    • This involves an increase in the amount of neurotransmitter released at the synapse.
    • Increased stimulation of the synapse strengthens the response.

    Classical Conditioning (Pavlov's Dog)

    • Unconditioned Stimulus (US): A stimulus eliciting an innate response.

    • Unconditioned Response (UR): An innate response to the US.

    • Conditioned Stimulus (CS): A previously neutral stimulus that, after repeated pairing with the US, comes to elicit a response.

    • Timing: The timing of the CS and US is critical.

    • The strongest conditioned response (CR) occurs when the CS and US are presented simultaneously.

    • The strength of the CR weakens as the interval between the CS and US increases.

    Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity

    • Synaptic changes are most effective when the pre-synaptic neuron fires just before the post-synaptic neuron.
    • Firing in the opposite order can lead to long-term depression.

    Extinction

    • If the CS and US are no longer paired, the CR weakens and eventually disappears.
    • Continuous presentation of the CS without the US leads to extinction of the CR.
    • The CR can reappear, but at a reduced strength (spontaneous recovery).

    Real-World Applications

    Anxiety Disorders

    • Anxiety disorders involve excessive fear, worry, and anxiety about situations or things.
    • Examples include phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
    • Exposure therapy aims to extinguish the excessive fear (CR) elicited by the conditioned stimulus (CS).

    Drug Overdose

    • Drug overdoses are not necessarily due to significantly higher drug concentrations than non-overdoses.
    • Cue Exposure Therapy (CET) helps individuals overcome drug addiction by exposing them to drug-related cues (CS) in order to reduce cravings.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on key learning concepts in psychology, including Hebbian learning and classical conditioning. Explore how changes in behavior result from experiences and the mechanisms of long-term potentiation. This quiz covers essential theories and practices in the study of learning.

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