Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is necessary for adolescents to achieve a strong sense of identity?
What is necessary for adolescents to achieve a strong sense of identity?
- Complete dependence on parental guidance
- An absence of personal values
- Independence through decision-making (correct)
- Unconditional parental control
What can result from nonachievement in identity development?
What can result from nonachievement in identity development?
- Feelings of self-doubt and confusion (correct)
- Strong personal values
- A clear understanding of personal goals
- High self-confidence
Which parenting approach can hinder the development of independence in adolescents?
Which parenting approach can hinder the development of independence in adolescents?
- Providing emotional support
- Permitting decision-making opportunities
- Encouraging risk-taking behaviors
- Discouragement of independence (correct)
What is the primary objective during the stage of intimacy versus isolation in young adulthood?
What is the primary objective during the stage of intimacy versus isolation in young adulthood?
What are the consequences of achieving intimacy in relationships?
What are the consequences of achieving intimacy in relationships?
Which of the following could indicate failure in forming lasting relationships during young adulthood?
Which of the following could indicate failure in forming lasting relationships during young adulthood?
What could contribute to the unresolved task of intimacy versus isolation?
What could contribute to the unresolved task of intimacy versus isolation?
What underlying fear may affect an adolescent's transition into adulthood?
What underlying fear may affect an adolescent's transition into adulthood?
What is the primary task during the childhood stage of development according to Sullivan's theory?
What is the primary task during the childhood stage of development according to Sullivan's theory?
In early adolescence, what significant relationship focus emerges?
In early adolescence, what significant relationship focus emerges?
Which developmental focus is highlighted during late adolescence?
Which developmental focus is highlighted during late adolescence?
How does Sullivan's interpersonal theory relate to nursing practice?
How does Sullivan's interpersonal theory relate to nursing practice?
What is a key aspect of identity formation in early adolescence according to Sullivan’s interpersonal theory?
What is a key aspect of identity formation in early adolescence according to Sullivan’s interpersonal theory?
What developmental task is associated with the juvenile stage of Sullivan's theory?
What developmental task is associated with the juvenile stage of Sullivan's theory?
What significant event is expected during late adolescence?
What significant event is expected during late adolescence?
During which stage is relief from anxiety primarily achieved through oral gratification?
During which stage is relief from anxiety primarily achieved through oral gratification?
What is the primary developmental task during the 3 to 6 years stage?
What is the primary developmental task during the 3 to 6 years stage?
Which outcome indicates successful resolution of the Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt stage?
Which outcome indicates successful resolution of the Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt stage?
What aspect defines the Generativity vs. Stagnation stage in adulthood?
What aspect defines the Generativity vs. Stagnation stage in adulthood?
What is the primary focus of the Intimacy vs. Isolation stage in young adulthood?
What is the primary focus of the Intimacy vs. Isolation stage in young adulthood?
In the Ego Integrity vs. Despair stage, what does a positive resolution involve?
In the Ego Integrity vs. Despair stage, what does a positive resolution involve?
What results from parents setting unrealistic expectations during the Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt stage?
What results from parents setting unrealistic expectations during the Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt stage?
What does the stage of Transcendence involve for individuals aged 80 and older?
What does the stage of Transcendence involve for individuals aged 80 and older?
Which stage focuses on the development of conscience and control of impulsive behaviors?
Which stage focuses on the development of conscience and control of impulsive behaviors?
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Study Notes
Identity Versus Role Confusion: 12 to 18 Years
- Identity is achieved when adolescents are allowed to experience independence by making decisions that influences their lives
- Parents should be available for support, but relinquish control to the maturing individual
- Nonachievement leads to self-consciousness, doubt and confusion about one's role in life
Intimacy Versus Isolation: 20 to 30 Years
- Objective is to form a lasting relationship or commitment
- Achievement enables capacity for mutual love, respect, and commitment
- Nonachievement results in withdrawal, social isolation, and inability to form lasting relationships
Autonomy Versus Shame and Doubt: 18 Months to 3 Years
- Major task is to gain self-control within the environment
- Achievement results in self-control, ability to delay gratification, and self-confidence
- Nonachievement leads to lack of self-confidence, lack of pride in ability to perform, a sense of being controlled, and rage against the self
Initiative Versus Guilt: 3 to 6 Years
- The goal is to develop a sense of purpose
- Achievement results in the ability to exercise restraint and self-control
- Nonachievement leads to feelings of inadequacy and guilt
Late Adolescence: 14 to 21 Years
- Characterized by tasks associated with the attempt to achieve interdependence and form a lasting relationship
- Genital organs are the focus of this stage
Relevance of Interpersonal Theory to Nursing Practice
- Relationship development is fundamental to psychiatric nursing interventions
- Nurses develop relationships with patients to help them interact successfully with others
- Understanding anxiety and methods to alleviate it help nurses assist patients in achieving interpersonal security
- Nurses use Sullivan's concepts to help patients achieve greater independence and interpersonal functioning
Stages of Development in Sullivan's Interpersonal Theory
- Infancy (Birth - 18 months): Relief from anxiety through oral gratification
- Childhood (18 months - 6 years): Learning to experience a delay in personal gratification without anxiety
- Juvenile (6 - 9 years): Learning to form satisfactory peer relationships
- Preadolescence (9 - 12 years): Learning to form satisfactory relationships with same-sex individuals, initiating feelings of affection
- Early Adolescence (12 - 14 years): Learning to form satisfactory relationships with opposite-sex individuals, developing a sense of identity
- Late Adolescence (14 - 21 years): Establishing self-identity, experiencing satisfying relationships, working to develop a lasting, intimate opposite-sex relationship
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