Psychology: GSR2 and Research Aims
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Psychology: GSR2 and Research Aims

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Questions and Answers

When does skin resistance increase according to the description provided?

  • During relaxation and calmness (correct)
  • When the body is under stress
  • In response to physical exertion
  • When feeling excited or frightened

    • What does galvanic skin resistance (GSR) reflect in the body?

  • Oxygen levels in the skin
  • Changes in sweat gland activity (correct)
  • Variations in blood flow
  • Muscle tension levels

    • What is one of the main aims of psychology related to behavior?

  • To classify data without further questioning
  • Manipulation of emotions
  • To entertain through experiments
  • To establish cause-effect relationships (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT a practical aim of psychology?

    <p>Description</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the prediction aim in psychology primarily involve?

    <p>Forecasting future behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of modifying conditions that affect behavior is referred to as what?

    <p>Control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of question is described under the aim of 'description' in psychology?

    <p>How many types of memory are there?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the theoretical aims of psychology is true?

    <p>They primarily involve understanding and description.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do pure/basic psychologists primarily aim to discover?

    <p>The basic principles of mental activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of physiological psychology?

    <p>Bodily structures and functions related to mental activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following fields is associated with applied psychology?

    <p>Clinical psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of psychologist would most likely conduct laboratory studies with human adults?

    <p>Experimental psychologist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes social psychology?

    <p>The exploration of how social factors influence behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Abnormal psychology primarily investigates which aspect of behavior?

    <p>The unusual and odd behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of animal psychology?

    <p>It uses lower animals to gain insights into human behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which field in basic psychology is concerned with behavior across all stages of life?

    <p>Developmental psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does control refer to in the context of behavior?

    <p>The ability to arrange for an event to happen and modify it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a valid characteristic of the scientific method?

    <p>It uses subjective interpretations of data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of behaviors does covert behavior encompass?

    <p>Private and internal events that cannot be directly observed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of physiological changes?

    <p>Changes in heart rate and secretion of saliva.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of description in research?

    <p>To establish cause-effect relationships between variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement regarding participants in psychological research is false?

    <p>Participants include only individuals over the age of 18.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of behavior requires conversion into overt behaviors for study?

    <p>Covert behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does reasoning represent in the context of behaviors?

    <p>An overt behavior considered as a cognitive process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of psychology is distinctly different from common sense knowledge?

    <p>It utilizes the scientific method for knowledge acquisition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of control is critical in the study of behavior?

    <p>Forecasting overt and covert behaviors accurately.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes the relationship between psychology and behavior?

    <p>Psychology is the scientific study of behaviors, both overt and covert.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main aims of psychology as a science?

    <p>To describe, explain, and predict behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines the term 'modification' in psychology?

    <p>Classifying or naming without understanding why.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of assessment in psychology?

    <p>Assessment helps to gather information to solve problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best explains intelligence in the context of psychology?

    <p>Intelligence is considered as overt behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'clinical psychologist' denote?

    <p>A psychologist focused on treating existing problems and preventing difficulties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best characterizes descriptive studies in psychology?

    <p>They focus on qualitative analysis without establishing cause-effect relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding the ethical guidelines in psychology research?

    <p>Participants must remain in the study even if they wish to leave.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of psychologist conducts laboratory research?

    <p>Experimental psychologist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Using tests in psychology is primarily considered what?

    <p>Assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Reducing the prevalence of disability is an example of which type of prevention?

    <p>Primary prevention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to the ability to accurately forecast behavior?

    <p>Prediction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of psychologist might provide psychotherapy but cannot prescribe medications?

    <p>Clinical psychologist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of gathering information about the patient is referred to as what?

    <p>Assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may assessment include as methods of gathering information?

    <p>Observation, testing or interviewing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of psychologist assists athletes in improving performance and focus?

    <p>Sports psychologist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The GSR2 (Biofeedback relaxation system)

    • The GSR2 is used to monitor galvanic skin resistance (GSR)
    • GSR measures variations in sweat gland activity and pore size, which is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system
    • Stress and tension cause changes in GSR levels
    • Calmness increases skin resistance, while tension decreases it

    Aims of Psychology

    • Psychology has four major aims:
      • Description
      • Understanding
      • Prediction
      • Control
    • Description involves naming or classifying behavior without determining the cause
    • Understanding establishes cause-effect relationships between variables, answering "why?"
    • Prediction aims to accurately forecast future behavior based on current knowledge
    • Control involves modifying behavior by changing conditions that affect it

    Psychology Research

    • Participation must be voluntary
    • Both humans and animals can be participants in psychological research
    • Verbal reports are not referred to as body language
    • Reasoning is considered a covert behavior
    • Description does not lead to establishing cause-effect relationships
    • Physiological changes include heart rate and saliva secretion
    • Covert behaviors cannot be directly observed, so they must be converted into overt behaviors for study
    • Mental processes include thinking and reasoning
    • Control refers to the ability to change behavior in predictable ways
    • Physiological changes can be associated with behavior

    Definitions

    • Psychology is the scientific study of overt and covert behavior
    • The scientific method is a systematic process of observation, measurement, and experimentation used to gather reliable knowledge
    • Covert behavior refers to internal events that cannot be directly observed, such as thoughts and feelings
    • Description refers to the process of identifying and classifying behavior
    • Control refers to the ability to alter or modify behavior in a predictable way

    Communication and Behavior

    • Non-verbal communication is referred to as body language
    • Covert behaviors are private and internal events, as they cannot be directly observed
    • Understanding focuses on establishing cause-effect relationships between variables
    • Verbal communication refers to spoken language
    • Psychology uses the scientific method to differentiate itself from common sense knowledge

    Types of Psychologists

    • There are two main types of psychologists:
      • Pure/Basic Psychologists
      • Applied Psychologist
    • Pure/Basic Psychologists focus on discovering the fundamental principles of mental activity
    • Applied Psychologists use these principles to help humans

    Some Fields of Psychology

    • Basic Studies in Psychology:
      • Experimental Psychology
      • Physiological Psychology
      • Animal Psychology
      • Developmental Psychology
      • Social Psychology
      • Abnormal Psychology
    • Professional Psychologists:
      • Personnel Psychologists
      • Clinical Psychologists
      • Educational Psychologists

    Specific Fields Explained

    • Experimental Psychology: Studies basic facts and principles of behavior usually in a lab setting using human adults.

    • Physiological Psychology: Focuses on investigating the relationship between bodily structures and functions and mental activity.

    • Animal Psychology: Studies animal behavior to gain insights into human behavior.

    • Developmental Psychology: Examines how behavior develops across the lifespan, from fetus to old age.

    • Social Psychology: Studies the effect of social objects and events on behavior and how groups function.

    • Abnormal Psychology: Focuses on understanding unusual or problematic aspects of behavior.

    • Personnel Psychologist: Works in selecting and training employees, optimizing workplace efficiency.

    • Clinical Psychologist: Diagnoses, assesses, and treats mental health disorders, but cannot prescribe medication.

    • Educational Psychologist: Studies how students learn and develop within educational settings, applying psychological principles to the classroom.

    Assessment and Prevention

    • Assessment is gathering information to solve a problem. It can be done through observation, testing, or interviewing.
    • Prevention aims to reduce the prevalence of a disability. There are three types:
      • Primary prevention: Aims to prevent the occurrence of a problem in the first place.
      • Secondary prevention: Aims to detect and treat problems at an early stage.
      • Tertiary prevention: Aims to reduce the impact of an existing problem.

    Additional Psychology Concepts

    • Overt behavior: Observable actions, including:
      • Motor behaviors (e.g. walking, talking)
      • Verbal behaviors (e.g. speaking, writing)
      • Non-verbal behaviors (e.g. body language)
    • Covert behavior: Internal events not directly observable, like thoughts and feelings
    • Mental processes: Include:
      • Thinking
      • Reasoning
      • Perceiving
      • Imagining
      • Dreaming
    • Physiological changes: Bodily responses that can be associated with behavior, such as increased heart rate, sweating, and changes in blood pressure.
    • Research methods in Psychology: Include:
      • Experimental methods
      • Correlational methods
      • Descriptive methods

    Psychology and Everyday Life

    • Sport psychologists help athletes improve performance and focus.
    • Psychology principles can be applied to help individuals in many ways, including:
      • Improving relationships
      • Managing stress
      • Making better decisions
      • Overcoming challenges

    Summary of Key Points

    • Psychology is a scientific discipline that studies both observable actions (overt behaviors) and internal events (covert behaviors).
    • There are different types of psychologists with diverse fields of study and professional practices.
    • Research methods in psychology are used to collect data and understand the causes and effects of behavior.
    • Psychology plays an important role in understanding human experiences and improving individual and societal well-being.

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    Related Documents

    Psychology Chapter 1 Lectures 1, 2 & 3 PDF

    Description

    Explore the GSR2 biofeedback relaxation system and its significance in measuring galvanic skin resistance. Understand the four major aims of psychology: description, understanding, prediction, and control, along with ethical considerations in psychological research.

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