Psychology Group Dynamics and Leadership Styles

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Questions and Answers

What did the Milgram Experiment primarily test?

People's ability to resist authority. (correct)

The prevalence of bilateral power tactics.

The influence of charisma in leadership.

The effects of reward and punishment.

Which of the following is NOT considered a source of social power?

Emotional intelligence. (correct)

Expertise.

Control over rewards and punishment.

Attractiveness.

What relationship did Milgram's studies suggest regarding obedience?

Obedience is influenced solely by charisma.

Obedience is only found in military settings.

Obedience increases with the legitimacy of authority. (correct)

Obedience is rare in organized groups.

Which type of power is derived from control over information needed by group members?

Informational power. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes hard tactics in power dynamics?

They often involve coercion or force. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes bilateral power tactics?

Both parties engage in discussion and agreement. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes legitimate power?

Power recognized by the group as rightful. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about leaders and those with power?

All power holders are effective leaders. Signup and view all the answers

What personal characteristics are linked to the likelihood of individuals striving for power?

Social dominance orientation and need for power Signup and view all the answers

Which type of leadership focuses primarily on team dynamics and relationship building?

Relationship leadership Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between age and leadership emergence?

Leaders tend to be older than average group members Signup and view all the answers

What is one key factor that prejudices against ethnic minorities and women in leadership roles?

Bias against these groups in leadership selection Signup and view all the answers

Which type of follower is characterized by independence and critical thinking, often questioning the leader's direction?

Alienated follower Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about leaders concerning their differences?

All leaders make a significant impact Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Lucifer Effect' typically refer to in a leadership context?

The capacity of individuals to exhibit evil under certain conditions Signup and view all the answers

Which leadership style is associated with a lack of guidance and minimal involvement in decision making?

Laissez-faire leadership Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Group Dynamics

Individuals in groups accept leadership direction implicitly
Individuals feel less responsible in a group setting

The capacity to influence others, even against resistance
The Milgram experiment demonstrated the power of authority
- Subjects continued administering shocks despite distress, to obey the experimenter.
Factors affecting obedience:
- Victim proximity
- Experiment location prestige
- Experiment's authority figure presence
- Surveillance
Power sources include control over rewards/punishments, authority, attractiveness, and information access.

Leadership Styles

Reward: Controlling allocation of rewards to influence others
Coercive: Threatening or punishing to influence others
Legitimate: Authority based on formal rights and rules (e.g., CEO, government officials).
Referent: Based on identification with, attraction to another (e.g., celebrity)
Expert: Based on perceived skills/abilities of the powerholder (e.g., medical doctor)
Informational: Controlling and delivering information to influence
Unilateral and Bilateral (Unilateral does not require cooperation, bilateral includes negotiation)

Power Tactics

Soft: Utilizing relationships between participants to get cooperation
Hard: Direct or harsh methods to get compliance (e.g., embarrassment, exclusion)
Rational: Emphasizing logic, persuasion, and good judgment
Nonrational: Using emotions or misinformation
Leaders need not control all group actions, however if they do it defines a sick group

Leadership Roles

Charismatic leaders exhibit exceptional abilities & qualities
Different types lead to effective followership

Followership

Individuals exhibit different traits (conformist, passive, pragmatic, alienated, exemplar)
Interaction with the leader affects the outcome
The ideal follower adapts to the different leadership styles, and leadership styles are needed in different situations/circumstances

Leadership Emergence

Process where someone becomes a leader (formally or informally)
Some people naturally better at this, like those able to perceive group needs and desires.

Leadership Theories

Implicit Leadership Theory: Our preconceived notions about what leaders should be like.
Social Identity Theory: Leaders tend to match a shared identity's characteristics.
Social Role Theory: Leadership and roles are based on societal expectations for men and women
Terror Management Theory: Related to human survival instincts
Evolutionary Theory: Successful leadership as a survival strategy
Fiedler's Contingency Theory: Leadership effectiveness depends on the match between the leader's style and the situation.

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Description

This quiz explores the intricate dynamics of group behavior, the concept of social power, and various leadership styles. Delve into the factors affecting obedience, as well as the implications of leadership decisions on group members. Understand how authority and power can shape group interactions and individual responsibilities.