Psychology: Genetic Predisposition of Sexual Orientation

What is the primary reason why new views formed in university life are sustained in later life?

They are internalized and reinforced by similar reference groups (correct)
They are instilled by family members
They are a result of personal experiences
They are influenced by societal norms

What is the term for the implicit or explicit rules for acceptable behavior and beliefs in an institution or organization?

Organizational standards
Group interactions
Institutional norms (correct)
Social norms

What is the effect of group discussion on individual decisions?

Decisions become more conservative
Decisions are randomly distributed
Decisions become more extreme (correct)
Decisions remain unchanged

What type of social influence has a greater effect in group discussions?

Informational social influence (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to private attitudes in response to group discussion?

They shift in response to group discussion (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which people compare their views with group norms and adjust them to conform to the majority?

Normative social influence (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary assumption behind the theory of sexual motivation proposing a genetic predisposition towards heterosexuality or homosexuality?

Pairs of identical twins are more likely to have the same sexual orientation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two essential characteristics of scientific research methods?

Unbiased and reliable (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of the experimental method in scientific research?

It provides a strong test of hypotheses about cause and effect (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the control group in an experiment?

To provide a baseline for comparison (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of random assignment in experimental research?

To ensure that each participant has an equal probability of being placed in any group (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a variable in an experiment?

The amount of sleep a person gets (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the owner touches the leash in the example with the dog?

The dog gets excited (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical factor behind classical conditioning?

The predictive relationship between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when the participant is allowed to rest and then presented only CS again, resulting in the CR reappearing?

Spontaneous recovery (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a conditioned stimulus in classical conditioning?

To signal the unconditioned stimulus (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the ability to react to differences in a stimulus if there is a negative association with certain aspects of it?

Stimulus discrimination (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is learned taste aversion an example of?

Classical conditioning (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of repeated pairings of CS and US during the acquisition phase?

To form a conditioned response (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of habituation and sensitization?

Results in a relatively permanent change in behavior (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of omitting the US during the extinction phase?

The CR gradually diminishes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the response produced by the conditioned stimulus?

Conditioned response (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when a novel stimulus is paired with a CS to produce a CR, even though the novel stimulus was never paired with the US?

Second-order conditioning (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to the concept of biological constraints, what is a limitation on classical conditioning?

The animal's pre-existing abilities and tendencies (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main distinction between 'front-end' and 'back-end' differences in emotions?

appraisal processes vs. responses to emotions (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of gender differences in reported emotions?

Stereotypes and social expectations (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do cultural values shape emotional experiences in collectivist cultures?

Focusing on relationships and emotional regulation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of emotions in individualist cultures?

Emotions define individual uniqueness and self-identity (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when men and women are asked how they feel in the moment?

Gender differences in reported emotions vanish (D) Signup and view all the answers