Questions and Answers
A central nervous system depressant often used to relieve anxiety is a/n:
valium
Which of the following statements is true about barbiturates?
Barbiturates likely cause their depressant effects by enhancing which transmitter?
GABA
Non-barbiturate drugs with barbiturate-like properties include:
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Short-acting barbiturates, such as secobarbital, are usually classified in which schedule?
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What is GABA?
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Benzodiazepines were first marketed in which decade?
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What was the most frequently used CNS depressant?
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Which of the following are side effects of benzodiazepines?
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Frequent and chronic use of benzodiazepines can lead to which of the following?
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Approximately how many benzodiazepine compounds are available in the USA?
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____ are the most frequently prescribed CNS depressants for anxiety and sleep.
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Valium-type drugs enhance the activity of the GABA receptor and inhibitory system by activating ____?
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During the 70s and 80s, approximately twice as many women took depressants as men.
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Benzodiazepines: valium-type drugs are classified as?
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Antihistamines can cause which of the following?
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What is GHB?
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Patterns of abuse with CNS depressants are often seen in which types of people?
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What is the basic approach for treating severe dependence on CNS depressants?
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Alcoholic beverages contain large amounts of:
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_____-income drinkers prefer beer, whereas _____-income drinkers prefer wine.
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What type of alcoholic is characterized as a moderate drinker who becomes abusive and violent?
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What are the impacts of alcohol?
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The effects of alcohol disrupt personal, social, and professional functioning, and result in:
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In Jewish culture, drinking is often viewed as:
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__________ is the process of making alcohol.
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What was the first alcoholic beverage?
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Study Notes
CNS Depressants
- Central nervous system depressants are substances that decrease brain activity, often used for anxiety relief and sedation.
- Valium is a commonly used CNS depressant for anxiety relief.
- Barbiturates were historically used as a CNS depressant but have a narrow margin of safety, making them less preferred today.
Barbiturates
- Barbiturates depress nerve and muscle activity; low doses relieve tension and anxiety.
- Enhancements of GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, significantly influence the depressant effects of barbiturates.
- Short-acting barbiturates, like secobarbital, fall under Schedule II classification.
Benzodiazepines
- Introduced in the 1950s as a safer alternative to barbiturates, benzodiazepines are now known to have side effects.
- Most frequently prescribed CNS depressants for anxiety and sleep, benzodiazepines include Valium-type drugs which enhance GABA receptor activity.
- Common side effects of benzodiazepines encompass drowsiness, lightheadedness, and impairment of physical and mental functions.
Tolerance and Dependence
- Chronic use of benzodiazepines can lead to tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal symptoms; classified as Schedule IV drugs.
- Approximately 15 benzodiazepine compounds are available in the USA, with about 20 additional compounds in other countries.
GHB and Antihistamines
- GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyrate) is a CNS depressant often used as a date rape drug; it is a Schedule I substance related to GABA.
- Antihistamines used in cold medications and sleep aids can also cause significant CNS depression; individual tolerance can develop quickly.
Alcohol Consumption
- Alcoholic beverages contain high carbohydrates and have varying preferences based on income levels: lower-income drinkers favor beer while higher-income drinkers prefer wine.
- Zeta alcoholics are moderate drinkers who may become abusive and violent.
Impact of Alcohol
- Alcohol disrupts personal, social, and professional functioning and is associated with illness, accidents, and crime.
- Moderate to heavy alcohol consumption can lead to severe health issues, including various cancers.
- Early alcohol use in youth significantly increases the risk of developing alcoholism.
Cultural Perspectives and Alcohol
- In Jewish culture, alcohol consumption is often regarded as symbolic and ceremonial.
- The process of making alcohol is known as fermentation, with Mead being one of the first alcoholic beverages produced from fermented honey.
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Description
Test your knowledge on central nervous system depressants with this flashcard quiz. Focus on terms like Valium and Barbiturates, their definitions, and effects. Perfect for psychology students looking to reinforce their understanding of these substances.
