Psychology Experimental Methods Quiz 7

What is a key feature of the experimental method in psychology?

Which of the following is NOT a reason psychologists conduct experiments?

What is an essential condition for making a causal inference in research?

What is threatened if a study lacks internal validity?

What differentiates experimental methods from non-experimental methods?

What is one challenge when ensuring internal validity in experimental designs?

Which of the following is a key concept associated with the experimental method?

Which type of research method does NOT involve manipulation of independent variables?

What is a confounding variable?

How does an experiment achieve internal validity?

What is an example of a situation that may create confounding?

What technique helps ensure all conditions apart from the IV remain consistent?

Which method is most effective for balancing participants' characteristics?

What can compromise the validity of an experiment?

What should groups be equivalent in regarding confounding variables?

What was the primary independent variable manipulated in the study?

What is the primary goal of balancing in experiments?

Which outcome was NOT measured in the study?

Which condition must be met to establish a causal relationship between the independent and dependent variables?

What is meant by 'internal validity' in the context of this experiment?

What was one of the hypotheses posited in the experiment?

Which of the following is necessary to establish the time-order relationship in this study?

Which option is NOT a characteristic of emotional writing as defined in the study?

In order to rule out alternative explanations for the findings, researchers must utilize what?

What is a key characteristic of a non-experimental research approach?

What defines an independent variable in an experimental research design?

Which of the following is an example of a non-experimental method?

In the context of experimental research, what is the dependent variable?

What was the purpose of the study conducted by Pennebaker and Francis in 1996?

What kind of variables are used in an experimental design to assess the effects of manipulation?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an experimental study?

Which method could be classified as experimental in the educational context?

What is a primary characteristic of independent groups designs in experiments?

What is a major advantage of using randomized block design?

Which of the following is a common threat to internal validity?

How do placebo control groups function in research?

What is the purpose of double-blind studies?

Which of these strategies is least effective in controlling for extraneous variables?

Why is controlling extraneous variables important in experiments?

Which statement about matched groups designs is correct?

Which of the following describes a key characteristic of the experimental method?

The non-experimental method allows researchers to manipulate independent variables.

What are the three conditions necessary for making a causal inference?

The primary goal of psychological experiments is to examine the causes of ______.

Match the following research methods with their characteristics:

What is one major reason psychologists conduct experiments?

Which of the following represents a non-experimental research design?

An independent variable is something that researchers observe without manipulating.

Internal validity refers to the extent to which the results of an experiment can be generalized to real-world situations.

Give an example of an experimental method in psychology.

What technique can researchers use to control for extraneous variables?

The ____________________ variable is measured to assess the effects of the independent variable in experimental research.

Which of the following best describes a dependent variable?

Match the research methods with their descriptions:

Investigating student attitudes towards school and academic achievement is an example of an experimental design.

What key components must every experiment include?

Which writing condition was defined as writing about your deepest thoughts and feelings about coming to college?

The dependent variable measured in the study included the number of physician visits.

What are the three conditions that must be met for causal inferences according to Shaughnessy et al.?

Emotional and superficial writing yield different _________ outcomes.

Match the following outcomes with their corresponding measurement:

What is a primary technique used to reduce alternative explanations in experiments?

Balancing ensures that participant characteristics are equitably distributed across groups in an experiment.

What is meant by 'internal validity' in an experimental context?

Emotional Writing is characterized by objective descriptions of objects or events.

What is the purpose of holding conditions constant in an experiment?

What two writing conditions were manipulated in the study conducted by Pennebaker and Francis?

________ occurs when an independent variable of interest covaries with another variable, leading to ambiguity about causation.

Match the control technique with its description:

Which of the following best describes a confounding variable?

Random assignment is considered the most effective strategy for balancing participants' characteristics.

In what scenario might confounding occur in an experiment comparing writing styles?

Which of the following is NOT a type of independent groups design?

Random assignment helps to control for extraneous variables in experiments.

What is the main purpose of using placebo control groups in research?

In a _____ design, both participants and experimenters are unaware of the condition assignments.

Match the following types of groups with their description:

What is an advantage of using randomized block design?

Selective subject loss during an experiment does not affect internal validity.

Identify one common threat to internal validity.