Questions and Answers
What is the concept of counter-conditioning?
Counter-conditioning is the use of classical conditioning for therapeutic purposes, resulting in a new unconditional response.
What is the specific definition/description of counter-conditioning?
Repairing a conditioned stimulus with a new unconditioned stimulus that elicits a response incompatible with the previously conditioned response.
Name a specific counter-conditioning procedure and provide an example.
Systematic Desensitization therapy.
What is assertiveness training?
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What are the 5 steps involved in assertiveness training? (Select all that apply)
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What therapeutic mechanisms are assumed to be responsible for the benefits of assertiveness training?
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How does Aaron Beck use cognitive mechanisms in his model of depression?
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What is the cognitive triad in Aaron Beck's theory?
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Define the concept of a schema.
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What are two types of errors depressed persons make when interpreting life events?
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Study Notes
Counter-Conditioning
- Counter-conditioning employs classical conditioning for therapeutic effect, creating a new unconditioned response.
- Integral to systematic desensitization, helping replace negative responses with positive ones.
- Involves pairing a conditioned stimulus (CS) with a new unconditioned stimulus (UCS) to elicit an incompatible response.
Systematic Desensitization Therapy
- A specific counter-conditioning procedure used to alleviate fears, such as fear of spiders.
- The therapist introduces the feared object (spider) while pairing it with a feeling of calmness (new UCS).
- An anxiety hierarchy is developed to gradually expose patients to increasing levels of threat in a controlled, relaxing environment.
- Repeated exposure decreases anxiety, leading to a new conditioned response of calmness.
Assertiveness Training
- A therapeutic approach targeting social anxiety and interpersonal fears, empowering clients to become more assertive.
- Clients acquire skills such as appropriate body language and methods for deflecting criticism or personal attacks.
Steps in Assertiveness Training
- Educate clients about assertiveness, differentiating it from passive and aggressive behaviors.
- Provide direct instructions on responding to common social situations.
- Model effective behaviors for real-life scenarios.
- Engage in role-playing exercises to practice behaviors.
- Assign homework to reinforce assertiveness skills outside therapy.
Therapeutic Mechanisms in Assertiveness Training
- Combines exposure and systematic desensitization to reduce avoidance of assertive situations.
- Repeated exposure to assertiveness allows clients to gain positive experiences and diminish anxiety reactions.
- Counter-conditioning occurs as assertiveness becomes associated with calmness, replacing anxiety responses.
- Clients receive positive reinforcement, fostering empowerment and healthier expectations.
Cognitive Model of Depression by Aaron Beck
- Utilizes cognitive and social cognition mechanisms, including schemas and attributions, to address depression.
- Therapists help identify and challenge false schemas through the therapeutic relationship.
Cognitive Triad in Depression
- Comprises three negative thoughts: self, external world, and future, contributing to depressive tendencies.
- When all three cognitions are negative, they exacerbate depressive symptoms.
Concept of Schema
- Schemas are organized networks of knowledge formed from personal experiences.
- Maladaptive schemas can lead to harsh self-attributions and negative interpretations of life events.
- Changing attribution styles in depressed individuals can foster healthier self-schemas and improve mood.
Thought Distortions in Depression
- Catastrophizing occurs when individuals anticipate the worst outcomes in future situations, reflecting a distorted view.
- Depressed individuals often misinterpret events, leading to negative emotional consequences.
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Test your knowledge on counter-conditioning concepts with these flashcards. Focus on definitions and applications of counter-conditioning in a therapeutic context. Perfect for exam preparation in psychology.
