Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does bottom-up processing involve?
What does bottom-up processing involve?
Sensory receptors.
The study of perception is primarily concerned with how we interpret what?
The study of perception is primarily concerned with how we interpret what?
Sensory stimuli.
What illustrates top-down processing?
What illustrates top-down processing?
Interpreting new sensory information within the framework of a past memory.
Sensation is to ________ as perception is to ________.
Sensation is to ________ as perception is to ________.
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Wavelength is to ________ as ________ is to brightness.
Wavelength is to ________ as ________ is to brightness.
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The feature detectors identified by Hubel and Weisel consist of what?
The feature detectors identified by Hubel and Weisel consist of what?
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What processes complex patterns of information passed by feature detectors?
What processes complex patterns of information passed by feature detectors?
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What best illustrates parallel processing?
What best illustrates parallel processing?
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Most color-deficient people will probably lack functioning what?
Most color-deficient people will probably lack functioning what?
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What does the Young-Helmholtz theory propose?
What does the Young-Helmholtz theory propose?
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What does sensory adaptation refer to?
What does sensory adaptation refer to?
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What best illustrates Weber's law?
What best illustrates Weber's law?
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What does sensory adaptation illustrate after listening to high volume music for 15 minutes?
What does sensory adaptation illustrate after listening to high volume music for 15 minutes?
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The receptor of the eye that functions best in dim light is a what?
The receptor of the eye that functions best in dim light is a what?
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Simultaneously analyzing distinct subunits of information received by different areas of the brain is known as what?
Simultaneously analyzing distinct subunits of information received by different areas of the brain is known as what?
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The direct link between a single cone and a single ________ preserves the fine details in the cone's message.
The direct link between a single cone and a single ________ preserves the fine details in the cone's message.
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Complete sensation in the absence of complete perception is best illustrated by what?
Complete sensation in the absence of complete perception is best illustrated by what?
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The phenomenon of blindsight best illustrates that visual information can be processed without what?
The phenomenon of blindsight best illustrates that visual information can be processed without what?
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In shopping for a new stereo, the difference between models X and Y is below your what?
In shopping for a new stereo, the difference between models X and Y is below your what?
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Which receptor cells most directly enable us to distinguish different wavelengths of light?
Which receptor cells most directly enable us to distinguish different wavelengths of light?
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Berdine, who developed cataracts, most clearly suffers a deficiency in what?
Berdine, who developed cataracts, most clearly suffers a deficiency in what?
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Ms. Shields correctly reads the title on a book cover but cannot consciously perceive the book. What does this illustrate?
Ms. Shields correctly reads the title on a book cover but cannot consciously perceive the book. What does this illustrate?
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People who demonstrate blindsight have most likely suffered damage to their what?
People who demonstrate blindsight have most likely suffered damage to their what?
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Jennifer can tune her guitar more effectively than Maria because Jennifer is better at detecting whether specific strings are playing too ________ or too ________.
Jennifer can tune her guitar more effectively than Maria because Jennifer is better at detecting whether specific strings are playing too ________ or too ________.
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The transduction of light energy into nerve impulses takes place in the what?
The transduction of light energy into nerve impulses takes place in the what?
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The process by which sensory information is converted into neural energy is called what?
The process by which sensory information is converted into neural energy is called what?
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When the Moon is near the horizon, it appears larger due to what effect?
When the Moon is near the horizon, it appears larger due to what effect?
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Alyosha perceives his normal aches and pains as disease-related symptoms after hearing rumors about an outbreak. This illustrates the impact of what?
Alyosha perceives his normal aches and pains as disease-related symptoms after hearing rumors about an outbreak. This illustrates the impact of what?
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Although she sees her professor often, Sue Yen didn't recognize her in a grocery store. This best illustrates the importance of what?
Although she sees her professor often, Sue Yen didn't recognize her in a grocery store. This best illustrates the importance of what?
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Adults who are born blind but later have their vision restored typically do what?
Adults who are born blind but later have their vision restored typically do what?
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The greatest difficulty facing contemporary parapsychology is the what?
The greatest difficulty facing contemporary parapsychology is the what?
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Parapsychology refers to the study of what?
Parapsychology refers to the study of what?
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Researchers found that when external distractions are reduced, what happens over many studies?
Researchers found that when external distractions are reduced, what happens over many studies?
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The visual cliff is a laboratory device for testing ________ in infants.
The visual cliff is a laboratory device for testing ________ in infants.
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The ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field is called what?
The ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field is called what?
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John Locke is to Immanuel Kant as ________ is to ________.
John Locke is to Immanuel Kant as ________ is to ________.
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What does Weber's law state?
What does Weber's law state?
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The phenomenon of size constancy is based upon the close connection between an object's perceived ________ and its perceived ________.
The phenomenon of size constancy is based upon the close connection between an object's perceived ________ and its perceived ________.
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What enables you to know that a frisbee is getting closer instead of larger?
What enables you to know that a frisbee is getting closer instead of larger?
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Experiments with distorted visual environments demonstrate that what?
Experiments with distorted visual environments demonstrate that what?
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What happens to the horizon Moon when it is viewed through a narrow tube that eliminates distance cues?
What happens to the horizon Moon when it is viewed through a narrow tube that eliminates distance cues?
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According to the philosopher ________, we learn to perceive the world.
According to the philosopher ________, we learn to perceive the world.
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Study Notes
Perception and Processing
- Bottom-up processing starts with sensory receptors, leading to interpretation.
- Perception focuses on interpreting sensory stimuli and previous experiences.
- Top-down processing involves interpreting new information based on past memories.
- Sensation involves detection of stimuli, while perception entails interpretation.
Visual Attributes
- Wavelength relates to hue, while intensity influences brightness.
- Hue is determined by the wavelength of light, and intensity by light's brightness.
- Color vision relies on three types of color-sensitive cones as proposed by the Young-Helmholtz theory.
Sensory Functioning
- Feature detectors are specific nerve cells in the brain that process visual information.
- Complex visual patterns are processed by supercell clusters, which analyze distinct subunits of information.
- Rods function best in dim light, contributing to vision in low-light conditions.
- Cones directly enable the distinction of different light wavelengths.
Neural Processes and Adaptation
- Sensory adaptation occurs when sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus diminishes.
- Weber's law states that the just noticeable difference (jnd) is a constant proportion of the stimulus.
- The retina is where light energy is converted into neural impulses through transduction.
Visual Perception Phenomena
- Blindsight demonstrates that visual information can be processed without conscious awareness.
- Individuals with prosopagnosia experience complete sensation despite a deficiency in perception.
- The visual cliff is used to test depth perception in infants.
Perceptual Set and Context
- Perceptual set influences how we interpret sensory information based on expectations and past experiences.
- Context effects show the importance of surrounding stimuli on recognition and perception.
Perceptual Adaptation and Learning
- Perceptual adaptation allows adjustment to altered visual environments.
- Adults who regain sight after being blind do not typically recognize familiar objects, indicating the importance of visual experience in recognition.
Psychological Concepts
- Parapsychology studies phenomena like ESP and psychokinesis, facing challenges due to reproducibility issues.
- Experiments show that humans adapt to distorted visual environments better than lower animals.
Philosophical Perspectives
- John Locke's ideas emphasize learning to perceive the world, contrasting with Immanuel Kant's view on innate understanding.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Prepare for your Psychology Exam 2 with these flashcards covering key concepts in perception and sensation. Each card includes important definitions and terms to enhance your understanding of bottom-up and top-down processing.
