Psychology: Defence Mechanisms Quiz

<p>To protect the ego from anxiety. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sublimation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More mature defences are more effective at resolving psychological problems. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Displacement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Splitting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Repression (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protective factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They prolong psychological problems once they have developed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic vulnerabilities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As low intelligence and difficult temperament (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can be classified into personal and contextual domains. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic factors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They pertain to the child's psychosocial environment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Combinations of biological and psychological characteristics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Predisposing, precipitating, maintaining, and protective factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dysregulation of physiological systems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Good coordination among involved professionals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They increase susceptibility to problems in certain environmental contexts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parental substance misuse (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High self-esteem (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prenatal complications (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High self-efficacy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neuroticism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Authoritative parenting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Child abuse (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positive peer support (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk of psychological difficulties (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rubella (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low birth weight (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>General lowering of academic abilities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Location of the injury (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vital signs and responsiveness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Difficult temperament (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased chronic demands (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>With a goodness-of-fit with parental expectations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children showing mild negative responses initially (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social context during recovery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skin color at birth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Need for intensive care (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>With positive and moderate intensity mood responses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can result in difficulties in establishing therapeutic alliances. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children's difficulties are likely to persist. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Precipitating factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Child abuse (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased complications in the child's problems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic stress over time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can contribute to the persistence of problems. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Birth-based disabilities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reaction formation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To justify unacceptable thoughts or actions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By viewing self and others as all good or all bad (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autistic fantasy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Refusing to acknowledge painful realities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By inducing others to act on these feelings (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exaggerated negative traits to the self or others (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complete withdrawal from reality (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Failing to acknowledge emotional distress of circumstances (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It enables understanding and modification of negative affect. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Negating unacceptable behaviors symbolically (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By attributing special powers to oneself while diminishing others (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Minimizing disturbing feelings (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neuroticism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dysregulation of neurotransmitter systems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a risk factor for conduct disorders (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>External locus of control (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Learned helplessness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Behavioral and substance use problems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positive reinforcement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Learned helplessness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Development of conduct disorders (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>External locus of control (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It fosters a sense of self-efficacy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dysregulation of neurotransmitter systems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>School failure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parental feedback about abilities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exploring the environment confidently after receiving comfort (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anxious Ambivalent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Authoritative parenting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attachment behavior (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Child abuse or neglect (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Three primary patterns of mother-infant interaction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anxious Ambivalent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They act as frameworks for predicting relationship behaviors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neglecting (C), Authoritarian (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It promotes understanding others' viewpoints in negotiations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They contribute to intellectual development and future IQ levels. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They tend to avoid their parents after separation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unpredictable and chaotic responses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It fosters emotional competence and security. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Successes attributed to internal, global, stable factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It develops a hostile attributional bias (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They often misinterpret ambiguous behaviors as hostile (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emotion-focused coping strategies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Procrastination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can become dysfunctional (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Engaging in wishful thinking (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seeking dependable advice and help (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When it leads to long-term avoidance of stress (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They manage perceived discrepancies between demands and resources (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seeking accurate information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dysfunctional hostile attributional bias (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Problem-focused coping strategies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provide only short-term relief (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accumulated stress (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides social support and a sense of purpose. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unsuitable educational placement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher likelihood of problem-maintaining interactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deviant peer-group membership (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They may perceive their coping skills as insufficient. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children may develop insecure attachment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Burnout (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low employment opportunities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Avoiding parents and refusing to communicate. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Escalating negative behaviors and withdrawal. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Development of problem-maintaining patterns (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ambiguous responsibilities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inconsistent parenting patterns. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Combination of criticism and emotional over-involvement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It contributes to feelings of isolation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may reinforce children's problem behaviors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accumulation of stressful events (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Development of conduct problems and low self-esteem. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Balancing homemaking and work (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children may struggle to understand acceptable behavior. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can maintain or exacerbate psychological issues. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They may maintain low self-esteem and other issues. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both child and parent experience a sense of relief. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aggressive or destructive actions towards parents. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infrequent and disengaged parent-child interaction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children may feel their concerns are not understood. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Problematic proximity-seeking behaviors like crying. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children tend to be shy and take little initiative. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Poor impulse control and follow-through. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has a small but statistically significant impact on behavior. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parents' significant personal adjustment problems. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It leads to the development of emotional and behavioral problems. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Feelings of responsibility for parental conflicts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There is a strong association with anti-social behavior in adolescence and adulthood. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Authoritative parenting characterized by warmth and structure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It undermines their sense of emotional security. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Warm and authoritative styles foster strong social support networks. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adjustment problems in later life. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased satisfaction during the years with school-aged children. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children may adopt negative belief systems from their parents. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Family disorganization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parental separation or bereavement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases the risk of psychological difficulties. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They may develop conduct problems themselves. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Age of the child (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Co-operative parenting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Delayed physical and cognitive development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consistently asking about a child's mood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inadequate nutrition and physical environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insecure attachment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inconsistent rules and unclear roles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emotional, conduct, and educational problems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can shape and reinforce negative behaviors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patterns of interaction within the social network (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced attention to child's needs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ambiguous parent-child communication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heightened anxiety and depression (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parents openly criticizing each other (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fewer parenting resources may contribute to issues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It often results in punitive responses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Overt triangulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secrecy and avoidance of conflict (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Experiencing personal psychological issues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Improved overall adjustment in children (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It leads to misunderstandings of behaviors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Creating a lack of secure attachment in children (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parental involvement in therapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cognitive distortions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Negative mood states such as anger and anxiety (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Conditions that predispose children to psychological problems.

Triggers that cause the onset or worsening of psychological issues.

Elements that keep psychological problems from improving.

Conditions that prevent the worsening of psychological issues.

Biological and psychological characteristics of a child.

Aspects of a child's psychosocial environment influencing their mental health.

Genetic vulnerabilities and complications affecting mental health.

Traits like low self-esteem and difficult temperament that affect mental health.

A temperament leading to anxiety and mood disorders in children.

Enduring characteristics influencing behavior and emotions.

Biologically based personal style influencing behavior patterns.

High impulsivity can lead to behavior and substance use problems.

High neuroticism is linked to anxiety, mood, and eating disorders.

The capacity to think, learn and solve problems; low ability can lead to conduct disorders.

Beliefs about self-worth affecting vulnerability to psychological issues.

Belief in lack of control over life events; linked to various psychological problems.

Ability to control one's emotions and behavior; impacted by beliefs and strategies.

Physiological systems affecting behavior; dysregulation maintains psychological issues.

Belief in one's ability to succeed; affects persistence on tasks.

Negative belief patterns about causes of success and failure; can maintain issues.

Belief that one cannot change or control outcomes; linked to depression.

Developing a positive outlook; opposite of learned helplessness.

Faulty thinking patterns; affect emotional regulation and behavior management.

Inherited traits that increase risk for psychological problems.

Health issues occurring before or during birth affecting development.

Issues in parent-child bonding that can affect emotional health.

Mental health issues in parents that can influence children.

A negative view of oneself that can predispose to mental issues.

Ineffective methods for handling stress or problems.

A tendency to attribute positive outcomes to oneself and negative to external factors.

A bonding style that leads to uncertainty and anxiety in relationships.

Emotional and practical assistance from friends or classmates.

Confidence in one's ability to succeed in specific situations.

A strict parenting style that emphasizes obedience and discipline.

Lack of awareness or respect for different cultural practices and values.

Infections like rubella and AIDS can affect fetal development.

Infants weighing less than 4.5 lbs or 2,000 grams at birth.

Infants who are smaller than expected for their gestational age.

Brain damage occurring before birth, less likely to cause specific deficits.

Brain damage during or just after birth leading to cognitive impairments.

A score from 0-10 assessing infant's health after birth.

Infants born before 37 weeks of gestation, at risk for brain injury.

Impairments related to severe head injuries in childhood.

Chronic diseases may lead to psychological adjustment issues.

Children who struggle with routines and have intense emotions.

Children who adapt well to change and have regular routines.

Children showing mild negative responses but adapt with time.

Children who are shy and withdrawn in new situations.

The match between a child's temperament and parental expectations.

A cognitive style where individuals expect hostility from others, especially in ambiguous situations.

Parenting style characterized by inconsistent and unpredictable aggression towards children.

Effective methods that help manage stress, promoting problem resolution.

Coping strategies aimed at managing emotional responses to stressors.

Coping strategies aimed at addressing the source of stress directly.

Techniques used to avoid dealing with stressor directly, often resulting in dysfunction.

Delaying action on problem-solving, leading to unresolved issues and increased stress.

Unhelpful beliefs that emphasize threat or negative outcomes, maintaining anxiety.

Childish strategies used to protect oneself that may hinder emotional growth.

The process of expressing feelings to relieve stress and relax emotional tension.

Circumstances where the intentions of others are unclear, often triggering hostility.

Situations that cannot be changed or influenced, typically requiring emotional managing strategies.

Unconscious strategies to reduce anxiety from conflict.

Desire to act but fear of negative outcomes leads to conflict.

Indirectly expressing negative feelings instead of openly addressing them.

Redirecting anger or emotions from the source to a safe target.

Transforming negative emotions into positive activities.

Keeping unacceptable wishes out of awareness.

Viewing people in extremes, either all good or all bad.

Enhancing self-image at the expense of others' attributes.

Balance unacceptable impulses with socially acceptable actions.

Defences that regulate emotions by limiting self-awareness.

Changing the perception of a situation to reduce conflict.

Communicating feelings related to conflict openly but non-threateningly.

Observing how certain situations trigger conflict or stress.

Redirecting negative feelings into constructive activities.

Avoiding thoughts related to conflict or stress intentionally.

Loss of integrated thinking, perception, or behavior abilities.

Using overly simplistic views to lessen distress from conflict.

Losing touch with the emotional details of stressors.

Substituting acceptable feelings for unacceptable ones.

Using rituals to negate unacceptable feelings or actions.

Attributing one's own unacceptable feelings to others.

Attributing exaggerated negative traits to oneself or others.

Extremely altered view of reality related to distress.

A collaborative bond between a therapist and client, vital for treatment effectiveness.

Failure to recognize and respect diverse cultural needs and values in treatment settings.

A group of professionals from different fields collaborating for a child's treatment.

Families whose cultural identity differs from the majority population, facing unique treatment challenges.

When families disagree with the problem formulation and treatment approach proposed by professionals.

Immediate risks or events, like illness or trauma, that can trigger psychological problems.

The beginning of mental health issues, which can be sudden or gradual depending on triggers.

Changes in life stages that can cause stress and potentially lead to psychological difficulties.

Conditions that erode coping resources for families, leading to psychological problems.

Insufficient positive interactions that impact family well-being and coping.

Unsuitable schooling conditions that hinder children's mental health and learning.

Associating with troubled peers that reinforce negative behaviors in children.

Social issues like crime and discrimination that affect children's mental health.

Job-related pressures that affect parents' ability to care for children.

Insufficient skills or means to handle family problems effectively.

Stress from balancing homemaking and outside employment responsibilities.

Mixed feelings about engaging in psychological support services.

Interaction styles that prevent resolution of psychological issues.

Exclusion from social networks that worsens mental health conditions.

Detachment from friends and family, increasing stress during transitions.

Negative academic outcomes leading to poor self-esteem and behavior issues.

Refusal to acknowledge children’s psychological issues, hindering progress.

Settings lacking support and means to tackle psychological challenges.

A parenting style that is warm but lacks discipline and structure.

Children who receive little warmth or supervision, leading to adjustment issues.

Research shows corporal punishment has negative long-term impacts on behavior.

Conflict between parents that can lead to emotional issues in children.

Children learn behaviors and beliefs by observing their parents.

A child’s sense of safety in their home environment.

Parental issues like depression or addiction that affect child development.

Financial and time pressures that can affect parental satisfaction.

When children feel pressured to side with one parent against another.

Children may develop emotional issues post-divorce, especially with ongoing conflict.

Increased risk for children due to parental problems or family issues.

Lack of steady oversight that can hinder a child's development.

A system of friends and family that provide emotional support.

Research that follows the same subjects over a long period of time.

A bond where children feel unsafe exploring due to unmet needs.

Actions like crying or clinging for closeness to parents.

Refusal to cooperate or showing sulking as a reaction.

A pattern of negative reinforcement in parent-child exchanges.

Parents disengage from conflict, providing temporary relief.

Parental criticism and over-involvement affecting children’s behavior.

Erratic rules leading to child confusion and non-compliance.

Infrequent interaction leading to psychological issues or neglect.

Poor listening leading to unclear messages between parents and children.

Behaviors that are negatively reinforced by interactions between parents and children.

High warmth with low control, signaling children have serious problems.

Chronic behavioral issues often rooted in negative family interactions.

Different patterns of bonding influencing emotional health.

High levels of criticism and control impacting child behavior.

Parenting approaches directly influence children's psychological outcomes.

Parenting style linked to better post-divorce adjustment for children.

Chaotic family structure leading to potential child psychological issues.

Mental health issues emerging from adverse family environments.

Older siblings with conduct problems may influence younger siblings negatively.

Significant adversities affecting a child's development and well-being.

Loss of a parent or caregiver that increases risk for later psychological issues.

Abuse in childhood can lead to later emotional and behavioral issues.

Chronic poverty and disadvantage in childhood linked to psychological problems later.

Living in institutions can disrupt development and cause psychological issues.

Family and social dynamics that maintain a child's psychological issues.

Family behaviors that unintentionally reinforce a child's psychological problems.

Unintentional support of undesired behavior through attention or interaction.

Unpredictable family structures causing stress for children.

Parental stress affecting their ability to provide for children.

Bowlby’s concept that attachment is essential for survival and development.

Cognitive framework formed from early attachment experiences influencing future relationships.

Four styles identified by Ainsworth reflecting mother-infant interaction during separations.

Parents act as a reliable source for children to explore the world safely.

Children cling to parents post-separation but fail to feel comforted.

Children avoid contact with parents after separation, showing emotional distance.

Children show mixed behaviors (anxious and avoidant) due to caregiving issues.

Categorized approaches to raising children: authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, neglecting.

Warm approach with balanced control that promotes child autonomy and confidence.

Low demand and low responsiveness, showing little involvement in child's life.

Quality interactions and materials provided by parents to enhance children's cognitive development.

A tool to assess the environment in which a child is raised, including stimulation availability.

A type of communication where conflicting messages create confusion for the child.

Unclear messages from parents that confuse the child.

Messages that contradict each other, leading to child stress.

Three-person interaction patterns causing a child to feel caught between parents.

Open criticism among parents, involving the child in conflicts.

Subtle, indirect conflicts among parents that impact the child.

The absence of a father linked to higher risk of conduct disorders.

Traits in parents that influence their interaction patterns with children.

Misunderstanding of child behavior leading to poor parenting responses.

The ability to manage one's emotions effectively.

Support and skills that help parents nurture their children effectively.

Parents who act as examples for their children's behaviors.

When parents do not address their issues, affecting family dynamics.