72 Questions
Compliance refers to instances where a person may agree in public with a group of people, but the person privately ______ with the group’s viewpoint or behavior.
disagrees
Internalisation is the deepest level of ______ where the beliefs of the group become part of the individual’s own belief system.
conformity
Identification occurs when someone conforms to the demands of a given ______ role in society.
social
Normative social influence is where a person conforms to fit in with the group because they don’t want to appear ______ or be left out.
foolish
Normative social influence tends to lead to ______ because the person smokes just for show but deep down they wish not to smoke.
compliance
A person may laugh at a joke because their group of friends find it funny, but deep down the person does not find the joke ______.
funny
An example of internalisation is if someone lived with a vegetarian at university and then decides to also become one too because they agree with their friend’s ______.
viewpoint
Asch’s Line Study is a study on ______.
compliance
This means any change of behavior is ______.
temporary
Informational social influence is where a person conforms because they have a desire to be ______.
right
For a study on informational influence refer to ______.
Jenness
Conforming to a social role is called ______.
identification
The Agentic State says that people will obey an authority when they believe that the authority will take responsibility for the ______ of their actions.
consequences
Adorno felt that ______ factors rather than situational factors could explain obedience.
personality
One of the various characteristics of the authoritarian personality is that the individual is hostile to those who are of inferior ______, but obedient of people with high ______.
status, status
In one of Asch’s experimental variations he showed that the presence of a ______ led to a decrease in the conformity levels in true participants.
dissident
Social support also decreases obedience to ______.
authority
The presence of others who are seen to disobey the ______ figure reduced the level of obedience to 10%.
authority
Moscovici had a group of ______ participants and a range of blue/ green slides varying in intensity.
6
The study had two conditions, confederates who consistently said ______ and an inconsistent group and a control group with no confederates.
green
Once the minority begin to persuade people round to their way of thinking, a ______ effect begins to happen.
snowball
This is a process known as ______ where people do often not even remember where the opinion originated from.
crypto amnesia
People are less likely to behave in ______ friendly ways due to the negative connotations associated with them.
environmentally
Minorities wanting social change should avoid behaviors that reinforce social change – essentially ______ to the majority.
off-putting
A person can either have an internal or external ______ of control.
locus
People with a high internal ______ of control perceive themselves as having a great deal of personal control over their behavior.
locus
Identification is just as important as agreeing with the ______ of the minority group in order to change the behavior of the majority.
views
The majority opinion then becomes ______, and people have to obey this law.
law
Minority influence is usually a result of ______ change.
social
Consistency is the most important factor in deciding whether the minority are ______ or not.
influential
People with an internal ______ of control tend to be less conforming and less obedient.
locus
Moscovici stated that being consistent and unchanging in a view is more likely to influence the ______ than if a minority is inconsistent.
majority
The minority position changed, it was not ______, and it was this change that apparently resulted in minority influence.
consistent
When the majority is confronted with someone with self-confidence and dedication to take a popular stand and refuses to back down, they may assume that he or she has a ______.
point
Social change is usually a result of minority influence, which is when a small group of people manage to persuade the ______ to adopt their point of view.
majority
Through these processes more and more of the ______ will gradually change towards the cause resulting in the snowball effect.
majority
Compliance refers to instances where a person may agree in public with a group of people, but the person privately ______ with the group’s viewpoint or behavior.
disagrees
Internalisation is where a person publicly changes behavior to fit in with the group while also ______ with them privately.
agreeing
Identification occurs when someone conforms to the demands of a given social ______ in society.
role
Normative social influence is where a person conforms to fit in with the group because they don’t want to appear ______ or be left out.
foolish
A person may laugh at a joke because their group of friends find it funny, but deep down the person does not find the joke ______.
funny
An example of internalisation is if someone lived with a vegetarian at university and then decides to also become one too because they agree with their friend’s ______.
viewpoint
Asch’s Line Study is a study on ______.
compliance
Normative social influence is usually associated with ______, where a person changes their public behavior but not their private beliefs.
compliance
Informational social influence is where a person conforms because they have a desire to be ______ and look to others who they believe may have more information.
right
For a study on normative influence refer to ______.
Asch
[Blank] to social roles is called identification.
Conforming
The Agentic State says that people will obey an authority when they believe that the authority will take responsibility for the ______ of their actions.
consequences
Adorno felt that ______ factors rather than situational factors could explain obedience.
dispositional
In one of Asch’s experimental variations he showed that the presence of a ______ led to a decrease in the conformity levels in true participants.
dissident
Social support also decreases obedience to ______.
authority
The presence of others who are seen to disobey the ______ figure reduced the level of obedience to 10%.
authority
Internalisation is the deepest level of ______ where the beliefs of the group become part of the individual’s own belief system.
conformity
This means any change of behavior is ______.
temporary
Moscovici investigated the importance of ______.
consistency
Once the minority begin to persuade people round to their way of thinking, a ______ effect begins to happen.
snowball
This is a process known as ______ where people do often not even remember where the opinion originated from.
crypto amnesia
People are less likely to behave in environmentally ______ ways due to the negative connotations associated with them.
friendly
Minorities wanting social change should avoid behaviors that reinforce social change – essentially ______ to the majority.
off-putting
Identification is just as important as agreeing with the ______ of the minority group in order to change the behavior of the majority.
views
The majority opinion then becomes ______, and people have to obey this law.
law
Social change is usually a result of minority influence, which is when a small group of people manage to persuade the ______ to adopt their point of view.
majority
The term ‘Locus of control’ refers to how much control a person feels they have in their own ______.
behavior
A person with a high internal locus of control perceive themselves as having a great deal of personal control over their ______.
behavior
People with an internal locus of control tend to be less ______ and less obedient.
conforming
Moscovici stated that being consistent and unchanging in a view is more likely to influence the ______ than if a minority is inconsistent.
majority
When the majority is confronted with someone with self-confidence and dedication to take a popular stand and refuses to back down, they may assume that he or she has a ______.
point
Social change is usually a result of minority influence, which is when a small group of people manage to persuade the ______ to adopt their point of view.
majority
Through these processes more and more of the ______ will gradually change towards the cause resulting in the snowball effect.
majority
The minority position changed, it was not ______, and it was this change that apparently resulted in minority influence.
consistent
Consistency is the most important factor in deciding whether the minority are ______ or not.
influential
Committed minorities, such as those who risk themselves for their cause has an effect on the ______ through an augmentation principle.
majority
Study Notes
Conformity
- Conformity refers to the act of changing one's behavior to fit in with a group or social norm
- There are three types of conformity: compliance, internalisation, and identification
Types of Conformity
- Compliance: temporary change of behavior to fit in with the group, but privately disagreeing with the group's viewpoint
- Example: laughing at a joke because friends find it funny, but not actually finding it funny
- Internalisation: changing behavior and privately agreeing with the group's viewpoint
- Example: becoming a vegetarian because a friend is one and agreeing with their views
- Identification: conforming to the demands of a social role in society
- Example: a policeman, teacher, or politician conforming to their role
Explanations for Conformity
- Normative Influence: conforming to fit in with the group because of social pressure
- Associated with compliance, leading to temporary change of behavior
- Example: feeling pressured to smoke because friends are smoking
- Informational Influence: conforming because of a desire to be right and looking to others for guidance
- Associated with internalisation, leading to a deeper change of behavior
- Example: looking to others for guidance on which fork to use in a posh restaurant
Variables Affecting Conformity
- Situational factors can influence the level of conformity
- Example: Asch's study on the effect of group size on conformity
Obedience
- Obedience refers to following the instructions of an authority figure
- Explanations for obedience include:
- The Agentic State: obeying an authority when believing they will take responsibility for the consequences
- Dispositional Explanation: authoritarian personality traits leading to obedience
Resistance to Social Influence
- Social Support: the presence of a dissident can decrease conformity and obedience
- Example: having a friend who doesn't conform can give social support and increase confidence in one's own decision
- Locus of Control: people with an internal locus of control are more likely to resist social pressure and take responsibility for their actions
- Example: believing one's own hard work led to success on an exam, rather than luck
Minority Influence
- Minority influence refers to the ability of a small group to persuade the majority to adopt their viewpoint
- Factors affecting minority influence include:
- Consistency: being clear and unchanging in one's views
- Commitment: being dedicated to one's cause
- Flexibility: being willing to compromise and appear reasonable
- Social change can occur through minority influence, leading to a snowball effect and eventually, a shift in societal views
Conformity
- Conformity refers to the act of changing one's behavior to fit in with a group or social norm
- There are three types of conformity: compliance, internalisation, and identification
Types of Conformity
- Compliance: temporary change of behavior to fit in with the group, but privately disagreeing with the group's viewpoint
- Example: laughing at a joke because friends find it funny, but not actually finding it funny
- Internalisation: changing behavior and privately agreeing with the group's viewpoint
- Example: becoming a vegetarian because a friend is one and agreeing with their views
- Identification: conforming to the demands of a social role in society
- Example: a policeman, teacher, or politician conforming to their role
Explanations for Conformity
- Normative Influence: conforming to fit in with the group because of social pressure
- Associated with compliance, leading to temporary change of behavior
- Example: feeling pressured to smoke because friends are smoking
- Informational Influence: conforming because of a desire to be right and looking to others for guidance
- Associated with internalisation, leading to a deeper change of behavior
- Example: looking to others for guidance on which fork to use in a posh restaurant
Variables Affecting Conformity
- Situational factors can influence the level of conformity
- Example: Asch's study on the effect of group size on conformity
Obedience
- Obedience refers to following the instructions of an authority figure
- Explanations for obedience include:
- The Agentic State: obeying an authority when believing they will take responsibility for the consequences
- Dispositional Explanation: authoritarian personality traits leading to obedience
Resistance to Social Influence
- Social Support: the presence of a dissident can decrease conformity and obedience
- Example: having a friend who doesn't conform can give social support and increase confidence in one's own decision
- Locus of Control: people with an internal locus of control are more likely to resist social pressure and take responsibility for their actions
- Example: believing one's own hard work led to success on an exam, rather than luck
Minority Influence
- Minority influence refers to the ability of a small group to persuade the majority to adopt their viewpoint
- Factors affecting minority influence include:
- Consistency: being clear and unchanging in one's views
- Commitment: being dedicated to one's cause
- Flexibility: being willing to compromise and appear reasonable
- Social change can occur through minority influence, leading to a snowball effect and eventually, a shift in societal views
Learn about types of conformity, including compliance, and how it affects individual behavior. Explore Asch's Line Study and understand the concept of internalization.
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