Psychology Concepts Quiz

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What is one function of concepts as mentioned?

Prediction (correct)

Sensation

Distraction

Entertainment

Which of the following describes the classical view of concepts?

Concepts have emotional attributes.

Concepts are solely based on personal experience.

Concepts consist of non-defining features.

Concepts have defining features or attributes. (correct)

How can concepts facilitate understanding in various scenarios?

By allowing irrational choices.

By promoting emotional responses over logical ones.

By reinforcing stereotypes.

By applying general knowledge to new situations. (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a function of concepts?

Transformation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a major difficulty associated with the classical view of categorization?

It is challenging to find universally accepted definitions. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'man who' argument illustrate?

Judgments based on anecdotal evidence (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes base-rate neglect?

Focusing too heavily on individual details (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of Type 2 judgment?

Conducting a cost-benefit analysis before investing (C) Signup and view all the answers

In the taxicab problem, what percentage of cabs is green?

85% (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why might someone ignore base-rate information?

They often prioritize specific case details (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of evaluating evidence effectively?

Reviewing multiple sources (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of base-rate information in decision making?

To provide context within a population (A) Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to biased judgments regarding risk assessments?

Ignoring base-rate information in favour of specific cases (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the definitional approach struggle to adequately address in categories?

The variability within categories (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does family resemblance differ from traditional definitions of categories?

It focuses on overlapping features among members (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a core concept of prototype theory?

Membership is judged based on similarity to a central example (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does typicality refer to in the context of category membership?

The degree of resemblance to a prototype (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes graded membership in relation to categories?

Members can have varying degrees of conformity to prototype (A) Signup and view all the answers

What concept suggests that there are no necessary conditions for belonging to a category?

Probabilistic view (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to prototype theory, what qualifies an object as a 'better' member of a category?

Its proximity to the prototype of the category (D) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of family resemblance, what is meant by 'overlapping features'?

Certain features are common, but not all members share them (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a main advantage of using prototypes in categorization?

They offer an economical summary of a category. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the early learning process primarily utilize categorization methods?

Through the use of exemplars. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What influences the judgment of category membership?

Knowledge and beliefs about the category. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What can affect typicality in categorization?

Attractiveness of the item. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do people typically reason about natural kinds compared to artifacts?

Natural kinds are believed to have more stable properties. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable example of how category membership can exclude atypical features?

A well-known counterfeit that is not recognized as currency. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the use of exemplars in conceptual knowledge?

Exemplars provide insight into category variability. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates the reasoning about artifacts from natural kinds?

Artifacts are perceived as having mutable properties. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of inductive reasoning?

It leads to a specific conclusion based on observations. (B) Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario would a person likely exhibit risk-seeking behavior?

Selecting a risky option to avoid a certain loss. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What primarily aids in the recognition of nonliving things?

Functional properties (B) Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the framing of information have on decision-making?

It can lead to different decisions despite identical choices. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the principle of utility maximization imply in decision making?

People aim for the highest expected value while balancing costs and benefits. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which proposition best represents the hub-and-spoke model?

A central hub integrates knowledge from specialized regions. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of thinking is characterized by fast, automatic, and intuitive processes?

Type 1 thinking (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of sensory and motor areas during conceptual thought?

They become active when thinking about specific concepts. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why are responses faster in sentence verification tasks when fewer links are traversed?

Less cognitive load is required for processing. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the availability heuristic primarily concerned with?

Assessing the ease of recalling examples to determine frequency. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do nodes and links function in a propositional network?

Nodes represent concepts while links represent their relationships. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What misconception does the representativeness heuristic often lead to?

Neglecting actual probabilities in favor of typical examples. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a major limitation of the classical view of concept definition?

It requires all attributes to be present for categorization. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes somatic markers in decision-making?

They are bodily sensations tied to emotions that can impact decisions. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the concept of typicality in relation to category membership?

It ranks members based on perceived similarity. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How do people generally perform in affective forecasting?

They accurately predict the reaction but often misjudge duration. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What cognitive bias is exemplified by the conjunction fallacy?

Assuming that specific conditions are more probable than general ones. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does graded membership in prototype theory imply?

Members belong to a category with varying degrees. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does dual-process theory suggest about decision-making?

There are two distinct types of reasoning processes: intuitive and analytical. (D) Signup and view all the answers

In exemplars-based reasoning, what does the early learning process depend on?

Specific instances and examples. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines the framing effect?

The tendency to make different decisions based on how information is presented. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What common error might occur when individuals use the availability heuristic?

Assuming all examples are typical if only a few are known. (A) Signup and view all the answers