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Questions and Answers
Which definition of intelligence focuses on the capability to think rationally and deal effectively with the environment?
What perspective on intelligence suggests it is a singular ability with various forms?
Which psychologist is known for proposing the three independent abilities of intelligence?
What are the two types of intelligence proposed by Raymond Cattell and John Horn?
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Which of the following is NOT one of Louis Thurstone's seven primary abilities?
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Charles Spearman identified two factors of intelligence using factor analysis. What are they?
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Who among the following is associated with the perspective that intelligence consists of multiple independent abilities?
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What ability refers to intelligence related to social interactions and understanding others?
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Which psychologist emphasized the significance of educational experience in defining a type of intelligence?
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What does fluid intelligence primarily depend on?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Intelligence
- Intelligence is a multifaceted concept examined by psychologists over time.
- The chapter discusses various definitions and frameworks related to intelligence.
Definitions of Intelligence
- Lewis Terman defined intelligence as the ability to think abstractly.
- David Wechsler described intelligence as the overall capacity of an individual to act purposefully, think rationally, and effectively engage with their environment.
Perspectives on Intelligence
- Single, General Ability Perspective: Intelligence is viewed as a singular overarching capacity with various manifestations, supported by researchers like Alfred Binet, Lewis Terman, and David Wechsler.
- Multiple Abilities Perspective: This viewpoint considers intelligence to be composed of various independent skills, championed by E.L. Thorndike, Louis Thurstone, and Charles Spearman.
The Multi-Factor View of Intelligence
E.L. Thorndike
- Introduced three forms of intelligence:
- Abstract intelligence
- Social intelligence
- Concrete intelligence
Louis Thurstone
- Identified seven primary abilities constituting intelligence:
- Verbal comprehension
- Word fluency
- Number facility
- Spatial visualization
- Associative memory
- Perceptual speed
- Reasoning
Charles Spearman
- In 1927, utilized factor analysis to propose two intelligence factors:
- General factor (g): Represents basic competence necessary for daily living.
- Specific factor (s): Involves domain-specific abilities essential for solving particular problems.
Raymond Cattell and John Horn
- Distinguished between two types of intelligence:
- Fluid intelligence: A neurological capability that is largely independent of personal experience.
- Crystallized intelligence: Accumulates through education, experience, and knowledge.
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Description
This quiz explores the concept of intelligence as understood through various psychological perspectives. It covers key definitions and theories proposed by influential psychologists like Lewis Terman and David Wechsler. Test your understanding of the multifaceted nature of intelligence and its significance in psychology.
