Psychology Chapter Sensory Processes
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Questions and Answers

What are the three basic processes that contribute to our knowledge of the world?

  • Sensation, Emotion, Perception
  • Perception, Cognition, Action
  • Sensation, Attention, Perception (correct)
  • Attention, Memory, Sensing

    • Attention helps us to notice and register the information collected by our sense organs.

    True

    What must happen for the objects and their qualities to be registered in our brain?

    They must draw our attention.

    The processes of sensation, attention, and perception are often considered as different elements of the same process called __________.

    <p>cognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their meanings:

    <p>Sensation = The process of detecting physical stimuli Attention = The ability to focus on specific stimuli Perception = Understanding and interpreting sensory information Cognition = The mental action of acquiring knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an example of observable receptors?

    <p>Touch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cognitive processes only involve observing external stimuli.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List one factor that influences attention.

    <p>Novelty or Interest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is primarily responsible for hearing?

    <p>Ears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The skin is responsible for smell.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the five sense organs that collect information from the external world?

    <p>Eyes, ears, nose, tongue, skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Our sense organs are also known as __________.

    <p>sensory receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following sense organs with their primary functions:

    <p>Eyes = Vision Ears = Hearing Nose = Smell Tongue = Taste Skin = Touch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following stimuli can be experienced through smell?

    <p>The fragrance of a flower</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Human beings can perceive extremely faint sounds.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be true about a stimulus for it to be noticed by a sensory receptor?

    <p>It must have optimal intensity or magnitude.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key method for structuring learning that minimizes errors?

    <p>Materials structured to maximize immediate feedback</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Studies provide strong evidence for a biological basis of ADHD.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What behavioral modification method is suggested for children with ADHD?

    <p>Cognitive behavioral training with rewards for desired behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of recognizing and interpreting stimuli through our senses is called __________.

    <p>perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor has been documented to relate to ADHD?

    <p>Food coloring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Positive reinforcement = Rewarding desired behaviors to encourage repetition Cognitive behavioral training = A therapeutic approach blending rewards with self-instruction Perception = The process of recognizing and interpreting stimuli Motivation = The reason behind engaging in a behavior or task</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Perception involves only the interpretation of stimuli as they exist in the world.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one consequence of successful ADHD modification training?

    <p>Children learn to behave reflectively and shift their attention less frequently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Sensory, Attentional, and Perceptual Processes

    • Chapter Goal: Understand sensory processes, attention types, form/space perception, socio-cultural influences and everyday perceptual processes.
    • Knowing the World: The world is full of objects, people, and events. Sensory receptors gather internal and external information.
    • Nature and Varieties of Stimuli: External environment provides diverse stimuli (sights, sounds, smells, tastes, touch). Sensory receptors are specialized for different stimuli.
    • Sensation: Initial experience of a stimulus by a sensory organ; process converts physical stimuli into electrical impulses.
    • Sense Modalities: Eyes, ears, nose, tongue, skin are the primary external senses along with kinesthetic and vestibular senses. Each modality is specialized for different stimuli.
    • Sensation Limitations: Sense organs have limited capacities e.g., eyes cannot see very dim or bright, ears cannot hear very faint or loud sounds.
    • Absolute Threshold (AL): Minimum amount of stimulus needed to be detected.
    • Difference Threshold (DL): Smallest difference between two stimuli that can be detected.
    • Attentional Processes: Selecting from a number of stimuli, alertness, concentration, search. Attention filters certain stimuli.
    • Selective Attention: Selecting/focusing on a limited set of stimuli from many available.
    • Sustained Attention (Vigilance): Maintaining focus on a task or stimulus for a long period.
    • Divided Attention: Allocating attention to multiple tasks simultaneously. (e.g driving and talking on the phone).

    Perceptual Processes

    • Processing Approaches:
      • Bottom-up Processing: Starting with sensory input; perception is a construction based on stimulus characteristics.
      • Top-down Processing: Prior knowledge, expectations, concepts influence perception; perception involves recognition/identification of stimuli.
    • Perceptual Organisation: Gestalt psychologists; perception of "wholes" not just sum of parts.
      • Figure-Ground: Distinguishing figure from background.
      • Proximity: Grouping nearby objects.
      • Similarity: Grouping similar objects.
      • Continuity: Perception of continuous lines.
      • Closure: Filling in gaps to complete figures.
      • Symmetry: Perceiving symmetrical objects.
      • Common Region: Grouping objects in the same area as a figure.
    • Depth and Distance Perception:
      • Monocular Cues: Used with one eye (e.g. linear perspective, relative size, interposition, texture gradient, relative height, light & shadow).
      • Binocular Cues: Used with two eyes (e.g. retinal disparity, convergence).
    • Perceptual Constancies: Objects perceived as constant despite changes in sensory input. (e.g., size constancy, shape constancy, brightness);
    • Illusions: Sensory misinterpretation or mismatch between physical stimuli and our perception of them.
    • Socio-Cultural Influences: Cultural background and experiences influence perception. The way people perceive things can be influenced by their motivations, expectations, cultural background, experiences and beliefs.

    Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

    • ADHD is a behavioural disorder characterized by impulsivity, excessive motor activity, and inability to focus.
    • More prevalent in boys than girls.
    • Factors like home environment and family pathology are linked to ADHD.

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    Sensory, Attentional and Perceptual Processes PDF

    Description

    Dive into the fascinating world of sensory, attentional, and perceptual processes in this chapter quiz. Explore how sensory receptors interact with various stimuli and the limitations of our senses. Understand the importance of attention and perception in interpreting everyday experiences.

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