Psychology Chapter: Self Efficacy and Defense Mechanisms

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism that prevents disturbing thoughts from being conscious according to Freud's Defense Mechanisms?

Projection

Repression (correct)

Rationalization

Displacement

Which defense mechanism involves redirecting an impulse onto a powerless target?

Displacement (correct)

Sublimation

Regression

Reaction Formation

What is the term for channeling unwanted feelings into a productive outlet?

Sublimation (correct)

Rationalization

Denial

Projection

Which defense mechanism involves refusing to accept reality?

Denial Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a psychological defense mechanism where a person goes beyond denial and behaves in the opposite way they feel or think?

Reaction Formation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a form of retreat that lets a person psychologically go back to a time they felt safe?

Regression Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Robbers Cave Experiment?

To understand the causes and consequences of intergroup conflict Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the tendency to attribute the behavior of others to internal, personal characteristics, while ignoring the role of external, situational factors?

Fundamental Attribution Error Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the mental process of inferring the cause of someone's behavior, including their own?

Attribution Theory Signup and view all the answers

What is the assumption that the world is fair and that people get what they deserve and deserve what they get?

Just-World Hypothesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the tendency to blame an innocent victim of misfortune for having somehow caused the problem or for not having taken steps to avoid or prevent it?

Blaming the Victim Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between an ingroup and an outgroup?

An ingroup is a group of people who are similar to us, while an outgroup is a group of people who are different from us Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that influences an individual's helping behavior in a group setting?

Number of people present Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of conformity?

A person adjusting their opinion to match the group's Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of psychopathology?

The study of the origins and development of psychological disorders Signup and view all the answers

What is the key characteristic of a sociopath?

A disregard for right and wrong and ignoring the rights and feelings of others Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the DSM in understanding psychological disorders?

It provides a framework for understanding and diagnosing psychological disorders Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the social group one belongs to?

Ingroup Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a delusion?

A false or distorted perception that seems vividly real to the person experiencing it Signup and view all the answers

Which therapy type focuses on the role of unconscious forces in shaping human behavior?

Psychoanalytic Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of Exposure Therapy?

To gradually expose individuals to feared situations or objects Signup and view all the answers

Which technique is used in Psychoanalytic Therapy to uncover unconscious thoughts and feelings?

Free Association Signup and view all the answers

What is the core principle of Systematic Desensitization, an aspect of Exposure Therapy?

An individual cannot be relaxed and anxious simultaneously Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Directive and Non-Directive Therapy?

The level of therapist involvement in guiding the client Signup and view all the answers

What are common symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?

Restlessness, sweating, fear, and difficulty sleeping Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Dissociative Disorders?

Feeling disconnected from yourself and problems handling intense emotions Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom of Phobias?

Shortness of breath, hot or cold flushes, and nausea Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Bipolar Disorder?

Mood swings, anger, and euphoria Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom of Social Anxiety Disorder?

Blushing, sweating, and avoiding some situations Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?

Compulsive behavior, hoarding, and impulsivity Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

An ingroup is a social group one belongs to, and an outgroup is a social group one does not belong to
The Bystander Effect is a phenomenon where the greater number of people present, the less likely each individual will help someone in distress
Conformity is adjusting one's opinions, judgments, or behaviors to match those of other people or the norms of a social group
Factors that contribute to one's social identity include race, media, relationships, family, religion, life experiences, and personal interests

Understanding Disorders

Abnormal Behavior is any behavior that is not considered normal
The Biopsychosocial Perspective is a way of understanding how suffering from disease and illness are affected by multiple levels of organization
Psychopathology is the scientific study of the origins, symptoms, and development of psychological disorders
A sociopath is a person who shows no regard for right and wrong and ignores the rights and feelings of others
A psychopath is a person who is characterized by the absence of empathy and blunting of others' affective states
The DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) is used to diagnose and classify mental disorders

Defense Mechanisms

Repression is an unconscious mechanism that keeps disturbing or threatening thoughts from being conscious
Displacement is the redirection of an impulse onto a powerless target
Sublimation is channeling unwanted feelings into a productive outlet
Rationalization is a cognitive distortion of the facts to make an event or impulse less threatening
Projection is attributing unwanted thoughts, feelings, and motives onto another person
Reaction Formation is a psychological defense mechanism in which a person goes beyond denial and behaves in the opposite way they feel or think
Denial is a refusal to accept reality
Regression is a form of retreat that lets a person psychologically go back to a time they felt safe

Psychological Experiments

The Stanford Prison Experiment was a study that demonstrated the power of situational factors in shaping behavior
The Robbers Cave Experiment was a study that demonstrated the causes and consequences of intergroup conflict
The Cognitive Dissonance Experiment was a study that demonstrated the tendency to justify lying for payment

Attribution Theory

Attribution Theory is the mental process of inferring the cause of someone's behavior, including their own
The Fundamental Attribution Error is the tendency to attribute the behavior of others to internal, personal characteristics, while ignoring or underestimating the role of external, situational factors
Blaming the Victim is the tendency to blame an innocent victim of misfortune for having somehow caused the problem or for not having taken steps to avoid or prevent it
The Hindsight Bias is the tendency to overestimate one's ability to have foreseen or predicted the outcome of an event
The Just-World Hypothesis is the assumption that the world is fair and that people get what they deserve and deserve what they get
The Self-Serving Bias is the tendency to attribute successful outcomes to internal causes and unsuccessful outcomes to external, situational causes

Therapy

Humanistic Therapy focuses on the inner feelings and self-image of an individual
Psychodynamic Therapy focuses on the psychological drives and forces within individuals that explain human behavior and personality
Psychoanalytic Therapy focuses on biologically determined unconscious forces that drive human behavior
REBT (Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy) focuses on helping people change their unhelpful ways of thinking
CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) focuses on identifying and changing potentially self-destructive or unhealthy behaviors
Behavioral Therapy focuses on reinforcing desired behaviors and eliminating undesired ones
Person-Centered Therapy focuses on helping people achieve positive psychological functioning
Exposure Therapy is a type of therapy that involves gradually exposing individuals to the things or situations they fear
Systematic Desensitization is an aspect of Exposure Therapy that involves gradually exposing individuals to feared stimuli while teaching them relaxation techniques

Disorders

Depression is characterized by feelings of sadness, helplessness, and low self-esteem
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is characterized by restlessness, sweating, and fear
Social Anxiety Disorder is characterized by blushing, sweating, and avoiding social situations
Phobias are characterized by lightheadedness, accelerated heart rate, and avoidance of feared stimuli
Bipolar Disorder is characterized by mood swings, anger, and euphoria
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is characterized by compulsive behavior, hoarding, and impulsivity
Dissociative Disorders are characterized by feelings of disconnection from oneself and problems handling intense emotions

Hallucinations and Delusions

Hallucinations are a false or distorted perception that seems vividly real to the person experiencing it
Delusions are false beliefs that persist despite compelling contradictory evidence

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge on self efficacy and Freud's defense mechanisms, including repression, displacement, and more. Learn how mastery experiences, vicarious experiences, social persuasion, and emotional states influence self efficacy.