Psychology Chapter: Personality Perspectives
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Questions and Answers

Which component of personality is described as irrational and ruled by the pleasure principle?

  • Id (correct)
  • Persona
  • Ego
  • Superego

    • What is the primary focus of the humanistic perspective in psychology?

  • Inherent goodness and self-awareness (correct)
  • The unconscious mind
  • Defense mechanisms
  • Psychosexual stages

    • Which of the following is NOT one of Freud's psychosexual stages of development?

  • Intellectual (correct)
  • Oral
  • Anal
  • Phallic

    • In Freud's theory, the resolution of the Oedipus complex occurs during which stage?

    <p>Phallic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism involves refusing to accept reality to alleviate anxiety?

    <p>Denial (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Neo-Freudian emphasized social relationships in the context of anxiety reduction?

    <p>Karen Horney (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best reflects Carl Rogers' view on personal growth?

    <p>Conditional positive regard fosters self-concept. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Freud, which mechanism transforms unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable actions?

    <p>Sublimation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Psychoanalysis

    A theory of personality and therapy developed by Sigmund Freud that emphasizes the unconscious mind, early childhood experiences, and conflict between the id, ego, and superego.

    Id

    The impulsive, instinctual part of the personality driven by the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification.

    Ego

    The rational, mediating part of the personality that balances the demands of the id and superego, operating according to the reality principle.

    Superego

    The moralistic, self-evaluative part of the personality, representing internalized societal and parental values.

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    Actualizing Tendency

    According to Carl Rogers, an inborn drive to maintain and enhance the organism, striving for self-actualization.

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    Hierarchy of Needs

    Proposed by Abraham Maslow, a motivational theory suggesting that people are driven by a hierarchy of needs, starting with basic survival needs and culminating in self-actualization.

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    Ego Defense Mechanisms

    Unconscious distortions of reality used by the ego to reduce anxiety and protect the self from threatening thoughts or feelings.

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    Psychosexual Stages

    Five stages of development proposed by Freud, each characterized by erogenous zones and conflicts that shape personality.

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    Study Notes

    Personality Perspectives

    • Personality is defined as consistent patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving.
    • Various theories explain how and why people differ.

    Psychoanalytic Perspective

    • Developed by Sigmund Freud
    • Emphasized the unconscious mind & childhood experiences
    • Personality arises from conflicts among:
      • Id (irrational, impulsive, pleasure driven)
      • Ego (rational, mediating, reality principle)
      • Superego (moralistic, self-evaluative, societal values).
    • Defense mechanisms (unconscious distortions) protect the ego from anxiety.
      • Examples: repression, denial, displacement, sublimation, projection.
    • Psychosexual stages (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital) shape personality.
      • Fixation at a particular stage can lead to conflicts in adulthood.

    Neo-Freudian Perspectives

    • Carl Jung: Collective unconscious, archetypes, psychological growth
    • Karen Horney: Social relationships, anxiety, and protection against it
    • Alfred Adler: Striving for superiority, basic human motivation
    • Focused on social and cultural influences in personalities, expanding on the basic ideas of Freud.

    Humanistic Perspective

    • Emphasizes inherent goodness, free will, and self-concept
    • Carl Rogers: Actualizing tendency (inborn drive), unconditional positive regard, incongruence
    • Abraham Maslow: Hierarchy of needs culminating in self-actualization.
    • Healthy personalities arise when people are supported & have positive regard.

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    Description

    Explore various theories of personality, including Freud's psychoanalytic perspective and neo-Freudian approaches. This quiz covers key concepts such as the id, ego, and superego, as well as defense mechanisms and psychosexual stages. Test your understanding of how these theories explain individual differences in personality.

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