Psychology Chapter on Vision and Brain Functions
48 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which type of vision is primarily associated with cones?

  • Motion detection
  • Peripheral vision
  • Dim light vision
  • Sharp image and color vision (correct)

What is the result of mixing the primary colors of light red, green, and blue?

  • Cyan light
  • Yellow light
  • White light (correct)
  • Black light

Which theory suggests that we cannot see reddish green or bluish yellow due to color channels?

  • Trichromatic theory
  • Monocular cues theory
  • Retinal disparity theory
  • Opponent process theory (correct)

What condition results from blockages in the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

<p>Hydrocephalus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the medulla in the brainstem?

<p>Regulation of heart rate and breathing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Gestalt principle of continuity suggest about perception?

<p>We perceive points forming a smooth line as belonging to the same object. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do interneurons play in the nervous system?

<p>Connect sensory and motor neurons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do East Asians typically differ from Western Caucasians in face scanning strategies?

<p>They focus on the nose area. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common procedure to obtain a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

<p>Lumbar puncture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of retinal disparity in depth perception?

<p>It provides a cue for 3D images. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ensures the physical protection of the brain and spinal cord?

<p>Meninges (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What criticism did Gestalt psychologists have against structuralism?

<p>It reduced experiences to elements losing value. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is primarily involved in maintaining balance and muscle coordination?

<p>Cerebellum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method do humans use to construct a 3D image?

<p>Both monocular and binocular cues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the nervous system?

<p>It provides cushioning and protection to the brain and spinal cord. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is located just above the medulla in the brainstem?

<p>Pons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason that adaptations persist in future generations?

<p>They contribute sufficiently to the fitness of an organism. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the human brain is emphasized as unique compared to other primates?

<p>The cerebral cortex (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is promiscuity not usually the best reproductive strategy for males in species with complex development?

<p>Abandoning offspring puts their survival at risk. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the mother play in maximizing her children's chances of survival?

<p>Selecting a father who will actively participate in child-rearing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes human intelligence from that of other species?

<p>The richness and complexity of social behavior. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant cost associated with having a large brain?

<p>Higher nutritional resource demands. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes intrasexual selection?

<p>Competition among one sex for access to the other. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The approach of evolutionary psychology is mainly rooted in which philosophical tradition?

<p>Functionalism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of the male peacock is noted to have developed through intersexual selection?

<p>Colorful plumage for mating attraction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Altruism is best defined as which of the following?

<p>One individual's sacrifice benefits another individual. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How might human males use humour as a trait subjected to sexual selection?

<p>To impress females with perceived intelligence. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the survival of emperor penguin chicks relate to altruism?

<p>Survival relies on the huddling behavior of the community. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which behaviour is noted as ineffective in attracting females?

<p>Taking unnecessary risks. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an indirect positive outcome of risky activities for males?

<p>Attracting females through displays of bravery. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might increase the likelihood of an individual's alleles being passed on, according to evolutionary principles?

<p>Sacrificing your life for your close relatives. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of low paternal investment in offspring for male reproductive success?

<p>Reduced likelihood of genetic transmission. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the difference between the images projected onto each eye?

<p>Retinal disparity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the eye is responsible for bending light toward the retina?

<p>Cornea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What physiological change in older adults affects their vision related to brightness changes?

<p>Loss of iris elasticity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon occurs when sound waves result from the vibration of an object?

<p>Wave propagation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is pitch perceived in sound waves?

<p>Based on the wave's frequency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for frequencies below the range of human hearing?

<p>Infrasound (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which ear part does sound localization primarily begin?

<p>Outer ear (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medium is better at transmitting sound waves than air?

<p>Liquid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the midbrain in relation to sound?

<p>It manages reflexive responses and sound localization. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age do infants typically begin to turn their heads toward loud or interesting sounds?

<p>6 months (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact does aging have on the ability to hear high-frequency sounds?

<p>Most people cannot hear sounds above 15,000 Hz after 30. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are somatosensory stimuli primarily responsible for?

<p>Information about body position, movement, and touch. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does sine wave speech illustrate the relationship between culture and perception?

<p>It demonstrates how cultural experience can influence the perception of sounds. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to individuals with impaired pain reception?

<p>They often die prematurely from injuries they cannot perceive. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the thalamus play in the auditory pathway?

<p>It sends sound information to the primary auditory cortex. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in the auditory pathway directly interacts with hair cells?

<p>The auditory nerve cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Adaptation

The process by which traits that increase an organism's chances of survival and reproduction are passed on to future generations.

Cerebral Cortex

The outer layer of the brain responsible for higher cognitive functions like language, reasoning, and planning.

Evolutionary Psychology

The theory that human behavior and mental processes are a product of evolution. Behaviors that increased survival and reproduction in our ancestors are more likely to be present in modern humans.

Altruism

The capacity of an individual to act in a way that benefits others at a cost to themselves, often without conscious thought.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Social Intelligence

The ability to control and understand complex social interactions, including recognizing emotions, intentions, and behavior in others.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cooperation

A group of organisms working together, often for mutual benefit, even if it means a personal cost.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Communication

The exchange of information between individuals using language, signs, or symbols.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Imitation

The ability to learn from others and imitate their actions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Retinal Disparity

The difference in the images projected onto each eye, caused by the eyes being located on different parts of the head.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cornea

The bending of light as it passes through the cornea, which helps focus light onto the retina.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pupil

The opening in the iris that controls the amount of light entering the eye.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lens

The transparent structure behind the pupil that focuses light onto the retina.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sound Waves

Vibrations that travel through a medium, such as air, water, or solids.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Loudness

The perception of the intensity of a sound wave, determined by its amplitude.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pitch

The perception of the frequency of a sound wave, determined by its cycles per unit of time.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ultrasound

Sounds above the range of human hearing (above 20,000 Hz).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Evolutionary Fitness

Traits or behaviors that promote successful reproduction become more common in a population over generations. This is because individuals with these traits have a higher likelihood of passing on their genes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cone function

The ability of the eye to see both sharp images and colors, especially when exposed to bright light.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sexual Selection

The process by which traits that increase the likelihood of finding a mate become more prevalent within a population. These traits can enhance attractiveness or competitiveness for mating.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Intrasexual Selection

Members of the same sex compete with each other for mating opportunities. This could involve physical battles or displays of dominance.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Primary colors of light

Red, green, and blue are the primary colors of light. When mixed together, they produce white light like sunlight.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Trichromatic theory

The theory that the eye contains three types of cones responding best to short, medium, and long wavelengths, corresponding to blue, green, and red, respectively.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Intersexual Selection

Members of one sex develop traits that attract the other sex, increasing their chances of mating. This involves attracting mates through attractive features.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Risky Behavior in Sexual Selection

The strategy where males engage in risky activities to impress potential mates. This can be seen as a way to demonstrate bravery or strength.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Opponent Process theory

A theory that explains color vision by proposing the existence of color channels, like a red-green channel and a blue-yellow channel. The channels are opponent, meaning activity in one color reduces activity in the other.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Parental Investment in Sexual Selection

The selection process where individuals choose mates based on traits that indicate good parenting potential. This ensures offspring receive adequate care and a better chance of survival.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Monocular cues

Depth cues that require only one eye to perceive depth.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Binocular cues

Depth cues that require both eyes to perceive depth.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sexual Selection: Male vs. Female

The male's investment in offspring is generally lower than the female's, which can lead to different reproductive strategies for each sex.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sexual Selection and Human Traits

Traits like humor and vocabulary can be seen as indicators of intelligence, which can be attractive to potential mates. Thus, these traits might have evolved through sexual selection.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Gestalt psychology

A school of psychology focusing on how people perceive the whole rather than its parts.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Meninges

The three membranes that protect the brain and spinal cord. They provide an extra layer of protection on top of the bones.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A clear fluid that cushions and protects the brain and spinal cord. It circulates around the brain and spinal cord, providing a protective barrier.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hydrocephalus

A condition where excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) builds up in the brain. This pressure can cause various neurological problems.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Spinal Tap

A procedure where a doctor collects a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the spinal canal to test for certain conditions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Interneurons

Nerve cells that connect sensory neurons (receiving information) to motor neurons (sending commands). They act as a bridge between the two.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cerebellum

The part of the brain responsible for balance, coordination, and movement. It helps us walk, talk, and perform smooth, coordinated movements.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Brainstem

The lower part of the brain that connects to the spinal cord. It controls vital functions like breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Medulla

The lowest part of the brainstem. It controls vital functions like breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the role of the midbrain in auditory processing?

The part of the brain responsible for managing reflexive responses to sound like turning towards a loud noise. It also helps with identifying the source of the sound.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the role of the primary auditory cortex in sound processing?

The primary auditory cortex analyzes the wavelengths and amplitudes of incoming sound information, which helps us interpret the sounds we hear.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How does frequency impact perceived loudness?

The frequency of a sound affects how loud we perceive it to be.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is somatosensation?

The sense of touch, temperature, pain, and body position.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Where do somatosensory stimuli come from?

Somatosensory stimuli are triggered by things happening inside our bodies or by contact with the outside world.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What does the vestibular system do?

The vestibular system is responsible for providing information about our body's position and movement, which helps us maintain balance and coordinate our movements.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Where does the initial analysis of sound information happen?

The first basic analysis of sound wavelengths and amplitudes occurs in the primary auditory cortex.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Why is pain perception important?

Impaired pain reception can lead to premature death because people cannot respond to injuries appropriately.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

General Psychology

  • Psychology is the scientific study of behaviour, mental processes, and the brain.
  • Early attempts at understanding the mind relied on introspection, but this was subjective and not scientific.
  • Modern psychology uses empirical methods to understand the mind and behaviour.
  • Psychology considers the interaction of nature (genetics) and nurture (environment).

Historical Approaches to Psychology

  • Structuralism aimed to break down consciousness into its basic elements.
  • Functionalism focused on how mental processes help us adapt to our environment.
  • Psychoanalysis investigated the unconscious mind.
  • Gestalt psychology emphasized the importance of the whole in perception.
  • Behaviourism focused on observable behaviours.

Biological Psychology

  • The nervous system is responsible for behaviour and mental processes.
  • Neurons communicate via electrical and chemical signals.
  • The brain is structured into major regions with varying functions.

Cognitive Psychology

  • Memory is the ability to retain or retrieve information.
  • Sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory each have different functions and limitations.
  • Memory storage involves encoding, consolidation, and retrieval.

Developmental Psychology

  • Development involves changes over the lifespan.
  • Developmental psychologists study physical, cognitive, social, and emotional changes.
  • There are many theories on human development

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

PSYA01 Final Exam Study Notes PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on various aspects of vision and brain functions with this quiz. Explore topics such as color perception, neurological conditions, and different psychological theories. Perfect for psychology students who want to deepen their understanding of sensory processing and brain anatomy.

More Like This

Color Perception and Brain Damage Quiz
115 questions

Color Perception and Brain Damage Quiz

CleverDream avatar
CleverDream
Week_2.3 Colour is a lie
36 questions

Week_2.3 Colour is a lie

LuckiestForethought avatar
LuckiestForethought
Architecture Lesson 5: Color Perception
29 questions

Architecture Lesson 5: Color Perception

CleanMaxwell2370 avatar
CleanMaxwell2370
Sistem Penglihatan: Visual Coding
17 questions

Sistem Penglihatan: Visual Coding

SnappyAustin1132 avatar
SnappyAustin1132
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser