Psychology Chapter on Vision and Brain Functions

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Questions and Answers

Which type of vision is primarily associated with cones?

Motion detection

Peripheral vision

Dim light vision

Sharp image and color vision (correct)

What is the result of mixing the primary colors of light red, green, and blue?

Cyan light

Yellow light

White light (correct)

Black light

Which theory suggests that we cannot see reddish green or bluish yellow due to color channels?

Trichromatic theory

Monocular cues theory

Retinal disparity theory

Opponent process theory (correct)

What condition results from blockages in the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

Hydrocephalus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the medulla in the brainstem?

Regulation of heart rate and breathing Signup and view all the answers

What does the Gestalt principle of continuity suggest about perception?

We perceive points forming a smooth line as belonging to the same object. Signup and view all the answers

What role do interneurons play in the nervous system?

Connect sensory and motor neurons Signup and view all the answers

How do East Asians typically differ from Western Caucasians in face scanning strategies?

They focus on the nose area. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common procedure to obtain a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

Lumbar puncture Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of retinal disparity in depth perception?

It provides a cue for 3D images. Signup and view all the answers

What ensures the physical protection of the brain and spinal cord?

Meninges Signup and view all the answers

What criticism did Gestalt psychologists have against structuralism?

It reduced experiences to elements losing value. Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is primarily involved in maintaining balance and muscle coordination?

Cerebellum Signup and view all the answers

What method do humans use to construct a 3D image?

Both monocular and binocular cues Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the nervous system?

It provides cushioning and protection to the brain and spinal cord. Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is located just above the medulla in the brainstem?

Pons Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason that adaptations persist in future generations?

They contribute sufficiently to the fitness of an organism. Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the human brain is emphasized as unique compared to other primates?

The cerebral cortex Signup and view all the answers

Why is promiscuity not usually the best reproductive strategy for males in species with complex development?

Abandoning offspring puts their survival at risk. Signup and view all the answers

What role does the mother play in maximizing her children's chances of survival?

Selecting a father who will actively participate in child-rearing. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes human intelligence from that of other species?

The richness and complexity of social behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant cost associated with having a large brain?

Higher nutritional resource demands. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes intrasexual selection?

Competition among one sex for access to the other. Signup and view all the answers

The approach of evolutionary psychology is mainly rooted in which philosophical tradition?

Functionalism Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of the male peacock is noted to have developed through intersexual selection?

Colorful plumage for mating attraction. Signup and view all the answers

Altruism is best defined as which of the following?

One individual's sacrifice benefits another individual. Signup and view all the answers

How might human males use humour as a trait subjected to sexual selection?

To impress females with perceived intelligence. Signup and view all the answers

How does the survival of emperor penguin chicks relate to altruism?

Survival relies on the huddling behavior of the community. Signup and view all the answers

Which behaviour is noted as ineffective in attracting females?

Taking unnecessary risks. Signup and view all the answers

What is an indirect positive outcome of risky activities for males?

Attracting females through displays of bravery. Signup and view all the answers

What might increase the likelihood of an individual's alleles being passed on, according to evolutionary principles?

Sacrificing your life for your close relatives. Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of low paternal investment in offspring for male reproductive success?

Reduced likelihood of genetic transmission. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the difference between the images projected onto each eye?

Retinal disparity Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the eye is responsible for bending light toward the retina?

Cornea Signup and view all the answers

What physiological change in older adults affects their vision related to brightness changes?

Loss of iris elasticity Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon occurs when sound waves result from the vibration of an object?

Wave propagation Signup and view all the answers

How is pitch perceived in sound waves?

Based on the wave's frequency Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for frequencies below the range of human hearing?

Infrasound Signup and view all the answers

In which ear part does sound localization primarily begin?

Outer ear Signup and view all the answers

Which medium is better at transmitting sound waves than air?

Liquid Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the midbrain in relation to sound?

It manages reflexive responses and sound localization. Signup and view all the answers

At what age do infants typically begin to turn their heads toward loud or interesting sounds?

6 months Signup and view all the answers

What impact does aging have on the ability to hear high-frequency sounds?

Most people cannot hear sounds above 15,000 Hz after 30. Signup and view all the answers

What are somatosensory stimuli primarily responsible for?

Information about body position, movement, and touch. Signup and view all the answers

How does sine wave speech illustrate the relationship between culture and perception?

It demonstrates how cultural experience can influence the perception of sounds. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to individuals with impaired pain reception?

They often die prematurely from injuries they cannot perceive. Signup and view all the answers

What role does the thalamus play in the auditory pathway?

It sends sound information to the primary auditory cortex. Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in the auditory pathway directly interacts with hair cells?

The auditory nerve cells Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

General Psychology

Psychology is the scientific study of behaviour, mental processes, and the brain.
Early attempts at understanding the mind relied on introspection, but this was subjective and not scientific.
Modern psychology uses empirical methods to understand the mind and behaviour.
Psychology considers the interaction of nature (genetics) and nurture (environment).

Historical Approaches to Psychology

Structuralism aimed to break down consciousness into its basic elements.
Functionalism focused on how mental processes help us adapt to our environment.
Psychoanalysis investigated the unconscious mind.
Gestalt psychology emphasized the importance of the whole in perception.
Behaviourism focused on observable behaviours.

Biological Psychology

The nervous system is responsible for behaviour and mental processes.
Neurons communicate via electrical and chemical signals.
The brain is structured into major regions with varying functions.

Cognitive Psychology

Memory is the ability to retain or retrieve information.
Sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory each have different functions and limitations.
Memory storage involves encoding, consolidation, and retrieval.

Developmental Psychology

Development involves changes over the lifespan.
Developmental psychologists study physical, cognitive, social, and emotional changes.
There are many theories on human development

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Description

Test your knowledge on various aspects of vision and brain functions with this quiz. Explore topics such as color perception, neurological conditions, and different psychological theories. Perfect for psychology students who want to deepen their understanding of sensory processing and brain anatomy.