Social Cognition and Thought Suppression

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Questions and Answers

What role do narrative styles play in cognitive development?

They are irrelevant to cognitive development.

They solely enhance memory retention.

They foster Theory of Mind and broader cognitive skills. (correct)

They simplify language learning processes.

What is the significance of emic perspectives in understanding cultural diversity?

They simplify complex cultural dynamics.

They are typically biased and not trustworthy.

They provide a general overview of cultural norms.

They offer deep insights into insider viewpoints. (correct)

How does language influence memory according to the key takeaways?

Language complicates memory retrieval processes.

Language enhances memory durability and retention. (correct)

Language only helps with verbal memory.

Language has no effect on memory durability.

Which of the following is NOT a component of social cognition?

Emotion regulation Signup and view all the answers

At what age do children typically demonstrate the ability to understand false beliefs, as indicated by the Sally-Anne task?

By age 4 Signup and view all the answers

In which task do infants show an understanding of differing preferences around 18 months?

Desire reasoning task Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of Theory of Mind development?

It develops dynamically with conceptual shifts. Signup and view all the answers

Which principle explains why infants expect minimal-effort actions from others?

Principle of Efficiency and Consistency Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of parenting is linked to improved Theory of Mind (ToM) outcomes in children?

Emotional state talk in family conversations Signup and view all the answers

How does early vocabulary development relate to executive function?

Early vocabulary predicts executive function development. Signup and view all the answers

What role does parent-child discourse play in autobiographical memory development?

Elaborative styles enhance autobiographical memory and ToM. Signup and view all the answers

According to cultural influences on cognition, how do American and Chinese parenting styles differ?

American parents focus on autonomy while Chinese parents emphasize social norms. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'Mind-Mindedness' in parenting?

Parental awareness and responsiveness to children's mental states. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between cognitive control and the development of Theory of Mind?

Development of cognitive control facilitates the expression of ToM. Signup and view all the answers

In Tomasello's evolutionary account, what role does co-operative communication play?

It facilitates communication beyond basic needs. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor allows for the representation and understanding of competing perspectives in social cognition?

Language as a means of social representation. Signup and view all the answers

At what age do children start to differentiate between intentional and accidental actions according to Poulin-DuBois?

14-18 months Signup and view all the answers

Which brain region is primarily associated with perspective-taking and theory of mind (ToM)?

TPJ Signup and view all the answers

Which task is used to measure self-control in children by testing their ability to delay gratification?

Marshmallow Task Signup and view all the answers

According to the Emergence Account, what primarily drives cognitive control in children?

Theory of Mind (ToM) Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of parenting is linked to enhancing cognitive and social outcomes in children according to Meins et al.?

Mind-Mindedness Signup and view all the answers

Which cultural perspective emphasizes autonomy in social development, as mentioned in the content?

American Signup and view all the answers

Which account indicates that explicit tasks require executive functions to express implicit Theory of Mind?

Expression Account Signup and view all the answers

Which type of task do adolescents struggle with due to the late development of the prefrontal cortex?

Perspective-switching tasks Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Lecture Summaries

Various lectures on social cognition, attachment, and related topics are covered.
Different theories and concepts are presented, along with supporting evidence, critical perspectives, and future research directions.
Topics covered include thought suppression, perception-behaviour hypothesis, attachment theory, social cognition and language, and cognitive intelligence and emotional intelligence.

Thought Suppression

Automaticity vs. Control: Conscious and unconscious processes in social cognition
Perception vs. Interpretation: Subjective interpretations of the world
Intuitions: Innate abilities to interpret others' behaviours and intentions
Suppression vs. Repression: Conscious avoidance of thoughts vs unconscious exclusion of thoughts
Dostoevsky (1863): Initial research on the difficulty of avoiding specific thoughts.
Dan Wegner: Pioneer in research on thought suppression and rebound effects
Classic Experiment (Wegner, 1987): Suppression phase (avoiding thoughts) followed by Expression phase (thinking freely).
Cognitive Theories of Rebound: Distracter Association Theory – environmental cues trigger suppressed thoughts.

Perception-Behaviour Hypothesis

Everyday thoughts, feelings, and behaviours are automatic and influenced by environmental features
Environmental cues automatically activate mental representations and action tendencies
Thinking about an action activates a tendency to perform it.
Mental representations of actions contain semantic and behavioral information
Activation of representations influence actions in specific directions.
Experiences and priming can unconsciously trigger our behavior.

Attachment Theory

Innate behavioral system designed for survival, triggers proximity-seeking behaviors in response to threat or danger.
Distal goal for the attachment system is survival, and proximal goal is psychological "felt security," achieved when attachment figures are responsive and provide a safe haven.
Felt security promotes exploration, emotional regulation, and well-being.
Early interactions with caregivers shape schemas of relationships.
Attachment styles include: Secure, Avoidant, and Anxious-Ambivalent, each characterized by different caregiver responses and attachment behaviours.
Adult attachment styles show similarities to child styles.

Social cognition encompasses the ability to recognize, interpret, and act upon social information.
Theory of Mind (ToM) is the ability to infer mental states (beliefs, desires, intentions) in oneself and others.
Social Cognition Cascades: Social cognition facets develop simultaneously and dynamically rather than in rigid stages.
Language plays a crucial role in ToM development (example: EMST; shared coordination).
Cultural influences impact social cognition and ToM.
ToM is better understood as a graded construct, rather than a singular ability.
Early mental state understanding (desires, intentions, beliefs) in young children develops with experience and cultural backgrounds.
Language facilitates ToM expression and social representation.
Elaborative styles of parent-child discourse enhance autobiographical memory and ToM.

Cognitive Intelligence

Cognitive intelligence involves general cognitive ability to solve problems.
Evolved to deal with ecological problems and social survival.
Major theories include Spearman's two-factor theory, Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) model, and Gardner's Multiple Intelligences.
Intelligence is viewed differently across cultures, which should be considered in measurements.
Significant components include fluid intelligence (problem-solving) and crystallised intelligence (knowledge acquisition).

Emotional Intelligence

Involves monitoring and regulating one's emotions and understanding others' emotions.
Related to social intelligence and decision-making.
Ability models of EI emphasise understanding and managing emotions.
Mixed models (e.g., Bar-On, Goleman) incorporate non-cognitive elements.
Trait models emphasise individual differences in self-perceptions of emotional capabilities.

Attitudes and Behaviour

Attitudes are global evaluations of objects.
They possess affective, behavioral, and cognitive components.
Models of attitudes include the three-component model, dual-processing models, and the theory of planned behaviour.
Attitudes are shaped by cultural and individual differences.
Attitudes influence behavior, though not perfectly aligned.
Attitude change is achievable through persuasion and other factors.

Positive Psychology

Scientific study of factors that enable individuals and communities to thrive.
Fosters well-being and human flourishing, positive traits, and positive institutions.
Hedonic well-being involves happiness and pleasure, while eudaimonic well-being emphasises growth and self-realization.
Factors like gratitude and self-efficacy contribute to improved well-being.
Positive psychology has a rich history and continues to evolve.

Health and Personality

Biomedical, biopsychosocial, and lifespan models highlight the role of personality in health.
Personality traits, such as conscientiousness, neuroticism, and agreeableness, impact health behaviors and outcomes.
Health is affected by stress appraisal, coping mechanisms, and reciprocal interactions across the lifespan.

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Description

Explore the intricate topics of social cognition and thought suppression in this quiz. Topics covered include attachment theory, automaticity vs. control, and the perception-behavior hypothesis. Delve into the contributions of researchers like Dan Wegner and Dostoevsky to these concepts.