Psychology Chapter on Sensory Processing

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the cornea in the eye?

  • Contains photoreceptors
  • Transmits neural signals to the brain
  • Focuses incoming light (correct)
  • Controls the size of the pupil

Which type of photoreceptor is primarily responsible for color vision?

  • Ganglion cells
  • Rods
  • Cones (correct)
  • Bipolar cells

What does the term 'transduction' refer to in sensory processing?

  • Interpretation of sensory information
  • Conversion of stimuli into neural signals (correct)
  • Detection of physical stimuli
  • Transmission of information to the brain

Which theory explains color perception as being controlled by opposing colors?

<p>Opponent-Process Theory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of feature detectors in visual processing?

<p>They respond to specific features of visual stimuli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the difference threshold?

<p>It is the minimum difference between two stimuli that can be detected (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of vision are rods primarily responsible for?

<p>Low-light vision (black and white) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Weber's Law suggest about the Just Noticeable Difference (JND)?

<p>It is proportional to the magnitude of the stimulus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of neurotransmitters in the synaptic transmission process?

<p>To transmit signals between neurons across the synapse. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of neurotransmitter increases the likelihood of the postsynaptic neuron firing?

<p>Glutamate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do inhibitory neurotransmitters typically affect the postsynaptic neuron?

<p>They decrease the likelihood of an action potential. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two primary mechanisms for removing neurotransmitters from the synapse?

<p>Reuptake and Enzyme degradation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in regulating mood, sleep, and appetite?

<p>Serotonin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is specifically associated with movement and motivation?

<p>Dopamine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during synaptic transmission?

<p>Neurotransmitters cross the synaptic cleft and bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of enzyme degradation in neurotransmitter activity?

<p>It breaks down neurotransmitters to stop their activity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is proactive interference?

<p>Previous knowledge affects the recall of new information. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does consolidation play in memory?

<p>It stabilizes memory traces after acquisition. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What illustrates retroactive interference?

<p>Forgetting an old email address after creating a new one. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best describes false memories?

<p>Memories shaped by suggestions and leading questions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does deep processing differ from superficial processing?

<p>Deep processing leads to better retention through semantic analysis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily developed during the sensorimotor stage?

<p>Understanding of object permanence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does emotion have on memory?

<p>Strong emotions enhance the vividness and accuracy of memories. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a flashbulb memory?

<p>A vivid memory of a significant emotional event. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory suggests that pain signals can be modulated by a 'gate' in the spinal cord?

<p>Gate Control Theory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cognitive limitation is characteristic of the preoperational stage?

<p>Egocentrism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of context effects on memory retrieval?

<p>Recall is improved when the retrieval environment matches the learning environment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a key characteristic of the concrete operational stage?

<p>Use of abstract reasoning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sense is closely linked to emotion and memory?

<p>Smell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major development occurs in the transition from the preoperational stage to the concrete operational stage?

<p>Grasp of conservation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following senses is involved in detecting pressure, warmth, cold, and pain?

<p>Somatosensation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ability is observed in children during the preoperational stage regarding objects?

<p>Symbolic thought (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of memory?

<p>To encode, store, and retrieve information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reinforcement schedule involves a reward after an unpredictable number of responses?

<p>Variable-Ratio Schedule (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is encoding in relation to memory?

<p>The transformation of information into a storable form (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Bandura’s Social Learning Theory, what key concept is essential for learning through observation?

<p>Attention to the model (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of memory lasts only a few seconds and involves initial sensory input?

<p>Sensory Memory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical duration for Short-Term Memory (STM)?

<p>About 20-30 seconds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the capacity of Short-Term Memory, often referred to as Miller's Law?

<p>7 ± 2 items (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of retrieving information from memory often compared to?

<p>Searching a database for files (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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