Psychology Chapter on Prototypes and Memory

<p>A prototypical object is a highly representative example of its category. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The shared characteristics between members of a category. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reminiscence Bump (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The brain reconstructs memories based on actual events and additional information, which can lead to errors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Age of the witness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Associative Approach (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can influence our perception of events and create false memories. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps us focus on the most relevant information. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Remembering where you were during the 9/11 attacks. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To help us understand and interpret the world around us. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are based on the frequency of association between concepts. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It suggests that the retrieval of information from memory is based on the activation of connected concepts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The time taken to recall information is influenced by the distance between related concepts in memory. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It oversimplifies the complex processes involved in memory storage and retrieval. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The model's prediction that distance between concepts affects reaction times is supported by experimental findings. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Whether categories are represented in the brain as distinct units or distributed across a network of neurons. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To associate a visual image with each number, aiding memorization. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They create a clear sensory experience by imagining biting into a bun. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Occipital lobe, specifically area V1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abstract nouns have no physical forms, making it difficult to visualize them. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrical signals generated by the brain in response to stimuli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patient M.G.S. exhibited difficulty recognizing specific categories of objects after surgery. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mental imagery activates brain areas similar to those used in real-world perception. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Association and linking of information through imagery enhances recall. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Basic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To assess the impact of knowledge on the categorization process (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides the optimal balance between generality and specificity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They use a more specific level of categorization due to their intimate connection with nature. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Experts utilize more subordinate categories compared to non-experts in naming birds. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Personal preferences (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It loses essential information about the specific tree. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It demonstrates that culture can significantly influence the level of detail in categorization. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>35 feet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>V1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dual Coding theory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Directly proportional (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dual Coding Theory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Directly proportional (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disrupting the activity of the brain area and observing the effect on behavior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is always accompanied by physical sensations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perception and imagery share common neural mechanisms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A system to evaluate category membership, from 1 to 7.

The degree to which an object is considered a typical member of a category.

The extent to which items in a category share attributes with each other.

Faster reactions when identifying prototypical objects vs non-prototypical ones.

Experiment showing common attributes of furniture items to assess prototypicality.

A method of organizing concepts where levels signify different scopes of information.

The level in a hierarchy where categories have the most information and are commonly used.

The broader category that encompasses more specific subcategories.

A more specific level in the hierarchy, containing detailed classifications.

How a person's expertise influences the level of category they use.

How culture influences the way individuals categorize objects.

Experts tend to use more specific (subordinate) categories than nonexperts.

A study showing that experts use subordinate categories more than nonexperts when naming objects.

A form of episodic memory for dated events in one's life.

Memory formed by combining actual events with surrounding information.

Enhanced memory for events in adolescence and young adulthood.

Vivid memories of shocking and emotionally charged events.

Error in recalling the source of a memory.

Mistakes made in recalling events due to emotions or suggestions.

Memories that individuals believe to be true but are distorted or fabricated.

Categorization based on defining features of concepts.

Categorization based on the most typical example of a concept.

Categorization by comparing new instances with specific examples encountered.

A cognitive model predicting how concepts are recalled based on their interconnectedness in memory.

The time to recall information increases with the distance between concepts in the network.

A process where activation spreads to related concepts within a network when one concept is triggered.

Verifying the model by checking if distances correlate with reaction times for concept verification.

How different categories or concepts are structured and stored in the brain.

Mnemonic devices using rhiming words to aid memory.

The use of mental images to improve recall and understanding.

Brain response measured when participants process stimuli.

Brain area responsible for processing visual information.

Research involving patients with brain injuries to understand functions.

Neurons that respond to specific categories of objects or concepts.

Concrete nouns evoke clear images; abstract nouns do not.

Techniques like fMRI used to visualize brain activity.

Neurons that respond specifically to imagined images, like a baseball or horse.

The part of the visual cortex crucial for visual perception and imagery.

Technique to disrupt brain function to study mental tasks.

The perceived distance of an imagined object like a horse changes with visual cortex removal.

Mental representation of objects or scenarios that are not physically present.

The idea that mental images are arranged in space, like a map.

The view that mental imagery relies on descriptive language rather than spatial layout.

The time to scan between objects in a mental image depends on their distance.

The time taken to rotate a mental image correlates with the angle of rotation.

The theory proposing two forms of memory encoding: verbal and nonverbal.