30 Questions
What is categorization?
The process of recognizing, differentiating, classifying, and understanding ideas and objects
What does the term 'family resemblance' mean in the context of categorization?
Members of a category have similar characteristic features
What is the prototype of a category?
An idealized mental representation of a concept
What is the graded membership of a category?
Objects closer to the prototype are 'better' members of the category than objects further from the prototype
What is the sentence verification task used for in categorization?
To test how quickly one can verify sentences about a given object/item
What is the relationship between prototype distance and sentence verification time?
Judgements about items that are more distant from the prototype take more time
What is a rating task used for in categorization?
To rate the typicality of items for a given category
What is the relationship between prototype distance and typicality rating?
Items that are closer to the prototype are rated as more typical of the category
What is the difference between category membership and graded membership?
Category membership is a 'yes' or 'no' decision, while graded membership refers to the idea that objects closer to the prototype are 'better' members of the category than objects further from the prototype
What is the prototype theory of categorization?
Categories are represented by the average of all members of the category
Which of the following is a problem with the original associative network model?
It assumes all node connections have the same length.
What is the process of spreading activation in the revised associative network model?
Activating one node will spread to associated/connected nodes.
What is the purpose of a lexical decision task?
To test how long it takes to recognize a word.
What is the revised associative network model favored over the original hierarchical model?
It accounts for the strength of associations.
What is the process of retrieval in the associative network model?
It takes place when a node is activated and you must move up or down the hierarchy to access associated information.
What is the result of a lexical decision task when a target word is semantically related to the preceding word?
You are faster at recognizing that it is a word.
What is the problem with the original assumptions about retrieval time in the associative network model?
It assumes retrieval time is related to the number of links.
What is the process of retrieval in the revised associative network model?
It depends on the process of spreading activation.
What is the purpose of using reaction times on certain tasks in the associative network model?
To test how long it takes to mentally traverse from one node to the next.
What is the result of a lexical decision task when a target word is not semantically related to the preceding word?
You are equally fast at recognizing that it is a word.
What is Exemplar Theory?
A theory that suggests that individual exemplars are stored in memory without blending
What is one issue with Exemplar Theory?
It assumes that individual exemplars are not important in memory
What is the Hierarchical Network Model?
A model that suggests that information in semantic memory is represented in terms of connections among units of information
What is the Associative Model?
A model that suggests that information in semantic memory is represented in terms of connections among units of information
What is an exemplar?
A specific example of a category stored in memory
What is a prototype?
A general property of a category
What is the Exemplar approach best suited for?
Small categories, such as 'U.S. presidents'
What is the main difference between the Hierarchical Network Model and the Associative Model?
The Hierarchical Network Model relies on a strict hierarchy, while the Associative Model does not
What is the main issue with the Exemplar approach?
It requires us to compare new items to a massive library of options
What is the difference between the Exemplar approach and the Prototype approach?
The Exemplar approach stores individual exemplars in memory, while the Prototype approach blends exemplars together to form a general property
Test your knowledge on categorization and how objects are recognized, differentiated, classified, and understood through sorting them into categories for specific purposes. Explore the organization of categories and the impact of defining features on categorization. Take this quiz to enhance your understanding of the categorization process.
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