Psychology Chapter on Personality

<p>Formulating conclusions based on logical assumptions made. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Testability, predictive quality, and applied value to improve human lives. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They establish the connection between observable phenomena and a construct. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The role of unconscious elements in shaping personality. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The capacity of a theory to prompt new ideas and research. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A dynamic organization of psychophysical systems that determine characteristic patterns of thought, feeling and behaviour. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Identifying common characteristics across populations to predict what people will do in a given situation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Psychoanalytic perspective (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The self and struggles to cope with emotions and internal drives, in addition to external demands. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Behaviorist perspective (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It tends to be reductionist, potentially ignoring individual differences. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The unique potential for human worth, dignity, and self-fulfillment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trait perspective (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Do individuals display consistent behavior across varying situations? (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>How different aspects of human behavior connect with each other within individuals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To what extent do unconscious factors determine behavior? (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What is the fundamental essence or nature of the self? (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Which internal forces drive observable behaviors? (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A combination of genetics, life experiences, and social influences. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>From behaviours, mannerisms, appearance, and physical surroundings. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Traits are stable patterns of behaviour. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Motives are one of the main underlying drives behind behaviour, though they vary from person to person. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Behaviour prediction is influenced by both personality traits and situation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>National culture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The consistency of personality traits across different contexts. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Indirect personality indicators (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Societal norms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Self-regulation serves as a means of moving from meaning making experiences to goal-directed, organized, and patterned action. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability of the person to grow, their degree of choice, and individual differences (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A limited number of distinct traits can describe all personalities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biological drives and conflicts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A dynamic interplay between personal characteristics and situational factors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Traits have gradual transitions across quantitative dimensions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetics provide a foundational basis for personality. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Traits can be broadened into factors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Action is goal-directed, organized, and patterned. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A dynamic combination of personal attributes and context (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Human psychology involves a combination of experiences, self regulation and consequent actions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Impacts of relationships with others (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Traits can be present in different personalities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Experiences influence patterns of action through self-regulation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If explanatory power alone is sufficient or if predictive power is also required. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It balances explanatory and predictive power. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It must be able to be validated or invalidated through evidence. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The simplicity and use of the fewest assumptions possible. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has considered and integrated different perspectives and data. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Explanatory power focuses on what is already known and predictive focuses on what is not yet known. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Predictive power (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Personality is the dynamic organization within an individual of psychophysical systems that determine their characteristic patterns of thought, feelings, and behavior.

Personality is what allows us to predict what a person will do in a given situation.

The idea that personality is influenced by unconscious drives and instincts, particularly sexual drives.

This perspective emphasizes self, emotional struggles, and coping with internal and external demands.

The biological perspective links personality to biological processes, exploring the impact of genetics and neurobiology on traits.

The behaviourist perspective focuses on observable behavior and environmental influences, emphasizing learning and conditioning.

This perspective focuses on cognitive processes like perception, attention, language, and memory and their influence on personality.

This perspective emphasizes the importance of human worth, spiritual nature, self-fulfillment, and creativity.

Personality theories should be based on facts, capable of being tested, and able to make predictions about behavior.

A personality theory should be simple and avoid unnecessary complexity, but not so simple that it misses important details. It should also suggest new ideas for future research, promoting further understanding.

Theories use concepts (theoretical constructs) and explain their relationships (theoretical propositions). Operational definitions link these concepts to observable behaviors.

A personality theory should have practical applications that help improve human lives, such as providing insights for treatment or personal growth.

Personality psychology aims to understand what makes individuals unique, encompassing various factors like personality traits, motivations, and social interactions.

Qualitative research explores individual experiences and perspectives, often using methods like interviews or case studies.

Quantitative research aims to draw general conclusions based on data from a larger population, using methods like surveys or experiments.

Personality theories often consider context, external factors, and the potential for change in understanding individuals. No single theory is universally accepted.

Personality is a unique and stable pattern of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that makes each individual different.

Personality traits are relatively stable and enduring characteristics that influence our behavior across situations.

Genetics, environment, and upbringing all play a complex role in shaping our personalities.

We can learn about someone's personality by observing their behavior, social media presence, even the appearance of their bedroom or office.

Personality traits can be measured to predict future behavior in different settings.

Different motivations drive our behavior, and people differ in the strength of these motivating factors.

Personality theories try to understand the complex interplay of factors - traits, motivations, and context - that shape who we are.

A theory must explain the phenomena it's meant to address. It must be able to provide clear and understandable explanations for the behaviors, patterns, or events it focuses on.

A good theory should be able to predict future events or behaviors. It should provide insight into what might happen in certain situations.

A theory should be based on evidence and be testable through scientific methods. This allows researchers to validate or refute the theory's claims.

A good theory should be simple and avoid unnecessary complexity. It should provide a clear and concise explanation.

A theory should build upon previously existing knowledge and be informed by multiple sources of information.

A good theory should be able to generate new research questions and inspire further exploration. It should provide a framework for future research.

Different perspectives on personality explain how various factors impact our behavior. These perspectives can be used to help us understand ourselves and others better.

The social-cognitive perspective suggests that our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by our interactions with our surroundings and the people in our lives.

Cognitive, emotional, and behavioral factors are key components that contribute to our personality, defining how we perceive, feel, and act in various situations.

Self-regulation refers to our ability to control our impulses, manage our emotions, and adapt to different situations. This is influenced by our personality traits, motivations, and experiences.

Traits can be organized into broad categories known as factors. These factors represent more general dimensions of personality, encompassing a wider range of traits.

Traits are dynamic, evolving over time based on our experiences and learning.

The degree to which unconscious factors influence our behavior. It explores whether we are primarily driven by internal motives we are not fully aware of, or by conscious decision-making.

The concept of 'self' refers to our unique sense of identity, values, beliefs, and how we perceive ourselves in relation to others. It is a dynamic and ever-evolving aspect of our personality.

The extent to which our actions are consistent across different situations. Are we the same person at home, work, and with friends? Or do we adapt our behavior to different contexts?

The study of how our personalities are shaped by gender, culture, and social influences. This includes exploring the differences between men and women, and the impact of cultural norms on personality development.

Exploring how much attention we should pay to social expectations and influences when studying an individual's personality. This involves balancing the need to understand individual differences with the impact of social context.