Psychology Chapter on Perception Overview
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Questions and Answers

What creates the illusion that a thumb and a door appear to be the same size?

  • Perception of similar colors
  • The angle of vision
  • The brightness of the room
  • Knowledge about distance (correct)

    • Our brain interprets the world exactly as our eyes see it.

    False

    What is the key factor that helps in perception?

    Knowledge

    When you hold your thumb up to your eye, it appears the same size as the _____ at the other end of the room.

    <p>door</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Perception = The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information Sensation = The initial stimulation of the sensory receptors Illusion = A perception that does not correspond to reality Cues = Environmental hints that facilitate perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the examples of the high-rise buildings, what causes them to look like different heights from different perspectives?

    <p>Distance and perspective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Knowledge has no effect on how we perceive objects in our environment.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can we correct our perception of objects that appear to be the same size but are not?

    <p>By using knowledge of distance and size.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of perception did Gibson emphasize in his research?

    <p>Perception in the ecological environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Eleanor Gibson's research indicated that infants develop perceptual awareness quickly.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of mirror neurons in direct perception?

    <p>Mirror neurons fire when observing or performing the same act.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Eleanor Gibson, _____ perception plays a significant role in recognizing emotions.

    <p>direct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the researchers to their contribution to perception:

    <p>Gibson = Ecological perception Eleanor Gibson = Infant perception research Gallagher = Interpersonal direct perception Wittgenstein = Facial expression recognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process occurs about 30 to 100 milliseconds after a visual stimulus?

    <p>Mirror neuron activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Perception of emotions happens through analyzing individual aspects of facial expressions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of perceptual awareness that infants develop?

    <p>Depth perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'what' pathway identify?

    <p>The identity of objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The how pathway is involved in identifying what an object is.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the what–how hypothesis propose about the processing of visual information?

    <p>It proposes that visual information processing involves understanding what an object is and how to interact with it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The what pathway is located in the ______ stream.

    <p>ventral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following visual pathways to their primary function:

    <p>What pathway = Identification of objects How pathway = Control of movements Ventral stream = What pathway Dorsal stream = How pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the focus of the how pathway?

    <p>Understanding how to grasp an object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Processing deficits can affect either the recognition of objects or the ability to reach for them.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What brain area is impacted when monkeys have lesions in the parietal lobe?

    <p>Their ability to recognize where objects are located.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason why computers struggle with reading handwriting?

    <p>Each person's handwriting is unique and variable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Computers can easily read handwriting without making mistakes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does template matching help computers distinguish?

    <p>Different bar codes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The visual cortex has specialized areas for recognizing _____ and faces.

    <p>stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge for machines when reading written letters?

    <p>Each letter can look different depending on the writer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the terms with their definitions:

    <p>Visual Cortex = Area of the brain specializing in processing visual information Template Matching = Method used to recognize distinct patterns like barcodes Handwriting Recognition = Challenge faced by computers due to variable letter styles Algorithms = Set of rules or calculations to solve problems in computing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All handwritten letters of the same character are recognized correctly by machines.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specific factors do some computers consider when trying to read handwriting?

    <p>Context, angular positions, and other factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of CAPTCHAs?

    <p>To tell humans and computers apart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    There is only one method of recognizing patterns in machine vision.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who conceived the Pandemonium model?

    <p>Oliver Selfridge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    CAPTCHAs capitalize on the fact that most approaches to machine vision use __________ matching.

    <p>template</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of demons in the Pandemonium model with their roles:

    <p>Image demons = Analyze the visual stimulus Feature demons = Detect specific features Cognitive demons = Represent cognitive processes Decision demons = Make decisions based on input</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of demon in the Pandemonium model?

    <p>Color demon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Feature-matching theories focus on matching whole patterns rather than specific features.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to a noisy or chaotic place, which is relevant to the concept of the Pandemonium model?

    <p>Pandemonium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Perception Overview

    • Perception involves the brain interpreting sensory information rather than a direct reflection of reality.
    • Cognitive biases influence our understanding of sizes and distances, demonstrated by the thumb and door example.
    • Our brain compensates for distance perception using knowledge of objects' relative sizes.

    Sensation vs. Perception

    • Sensation refers to the raw data obtained through sensory modalities; perception is the interpretation of that data.
    • Processing occurs in visual pathways where the brain differentiates between "what" objects are and "how" to interact with them.

    Visual Pathways

    • The what pathway (ventral stream) identifies objects, while the how pathway (dorsal stream) involves movements related to objects.
    • Both pathways originate from the same early visual processing areas in the brain.

    What-How Hypothesis

    • Proposed by Goodale, this hypothesis suggests that spatial information is always available in visual processing, differentiating between object identification and interaction.

    Development of Perceptual Awareness

    • Eleanor Gibson highlighted how infants quickly develop perceptual awareness, including depth perception, despite limited prior knowledge.
    • Direct perception aids in understanding others' emotions via instantaneous recognition of facial expressions.

    Neuroscience Insights

    • Mirror neurons fire shortly after visual stimuli, enabling recognition of others' actions and contributions to person perception.
    • Specialized brain areas exist for recognizing faces, enhancing social interaction capabilities.

    Machine Perception Challenges

    • Computers struggle with handwriting recognition due to variable letter forms; template matching is effective for uniform characters like barcodes.
    • CAPTCHAs help differentiate human users from machines, exploiting the limitations of machine vision.

    Feature-Matching Theories

    • Feature-matching theories propose we identify patterns by comparing unique features stored in memory rather than recognizing entire patterns.
    • The Pandemonium Model involves "demons" analyzing stimulus features, reflecting a chaotic and concurrent processing system for perception.

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    Related Documents

    Visual Perception PDF

    Description

    Explore the intriguing concepts of perception and sensation in this psychology quiz. Delve into how cognitive biases and visual pathways influence our interpretation of sensory information. Test your understanding of the 'what-how' hypothesis and how our brain compensates for distance perception.

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