Psychology Chapter on Perception and Motivation
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Questions and Answers

What does the principle of Gestalt emphasize regarding perception?

  • Perception is solely based on sensory input.
  • Perception can be fully explained without considering context.
  • The whole is different from the sum of its parts. (correct)
  • Elements in perception have equal importance.

What was a primary focus of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis?

  • Quantitative measurement of personality traits.
  • The study of conscious thought processes.
  • Observations of external behavior only.
  • Understanding and treating mental disorders through the unconscious. (correct)

Which statement best reflects the goals of functionalism as proposed by William James?

  • To analyze how consciousness influences behavior and adaptation. (correct)
  • To study behavior strictly through laboratory experimentation.
  • To categorize experiences into simple elements.
  • To focus primarily on the impacts of genetics on behavior.

What is a defining characteristic of naturalistic observation?

<p>It analyzes behavior in natural environments. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does introspection contribute to the understanding of mental processes?

<p>It provides insight into subjective experiences and cognitive processes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does perceptual constancy refer to?

<p>The perception of objects as constant despite changes in their retinal image (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the movement seen in films and videos?

<p>Stroboscopic illusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which depth cue is lost by individuals who have lost an eye?

<p>Retinal disparity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the grouping principle of closure allow us to do?

<p>Perceive complete forms even when they are not fully enclosed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle leads us to automatically group stimuli together based on their spatial relationships?

<p>Grouping (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does depth perception play in visual processing?

<p>It enables locational awareness of objects in three dimensions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of figure-ground discrimination?

<p>Recognizing a dog in a park full of trees (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the grouping principle of proximity?

<p>Objects that appear close together are perceived as a group (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are primary drives primarily derived from?

<p>Basic biological needs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory of motivation states that people act to maintain an optimal level of arousal?

<p>Arousal theory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is known to stimulate eating?

<p>Sights and smells from prior associations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the set point theory relate to in terms of eating behavior?

<p>Homeostasis and comfort (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does achievement motivation involve?

<p>Meeting specific goals and feeling satisfied (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormones are primarily associated with female biological functions?

<p>Progestational hormones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Incentive theory emphasizes the role of which factor in motivating behavior?

<p>External stimuli and rewards (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What combination defines subjective wellbeing?

<p>Cognitive judgment of life satisfaction and positive mood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes secondary drives?

<p>Motivations conditioned through experience (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the sex response cycle primarily refer to?

<p>The pattern of physiological arousal during sexual activity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of REM sleep in memory?

<p>Consolidates memory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily disrupted when a traveler experiences jet lag?

<p>Circadian rhythm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sleep stage is important for restoring sensitivity to norepinephrine?

<p>REM sleep (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory suggests that hypnosis creates an altered state of consciousness?

<p>State theory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon is characterized by a person's ability to act out dreams during sleep?

<p>REM behavior disorder (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What regulates the human circadian rhythm?

<p>Suprachiasmatic nuclei (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What theory combines elements of both role and state theories of hypnosis?

<p>Dissociation theory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of hypnosis involves the responsiveness to suggestions?

<p>Hypnotic susceptibility (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Cannon's theory, what role does the brain play in emotions?

<p>It directly produces experiences of emotion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the James-Lange theory, how are emotions understood?

<p>By recognizing peripheral autonomic responses. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does the cognitive theories of emotion emphasize?

<p>Cognitive interpretations shape emotional experiences. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the same event lead to different emotional responses?

<p>By varying the way the event is perceived and labeled. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Darwin argue concerning expressions of emotions?

<p>There is a universality of facial expressions in infants. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, what can stimulation of certain brain areas lead to?

<p>The generation of either pleasant or unpleasant emotions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which physiological response is associated with fear in the James-Lange theory?

<p>Decreased blood flow in extremities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory suggests that feedback from peripheral responses and cognitive interpretation combine to form emotions?

<p>Cognitive-Schachter-Singer Theory. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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