Psychology Chapter on Perception and Motivation

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What does the principle of Gestalt emphasize regarding perception?

Perception is solely based on sensory input.

Perception can be fully explained without considering context.

The whole is different from the sum of its parts. (correct)

Elements in perception have equal importance.

What was a primary focus of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis?

Quantitative measurement of personality traits.

The study of conscious thought processes.

Observations of external behavior only.

Understanding and treating mental disorders through the unconscious. (correct)

Which statement best reflects the goals of functionalism as proposed by William James?

To analyze how consciousness influences behavior and adaptation. (correct)

To study behavior strictly through laboratory experimentation.

To categorize experiences into simple elements.

To focus primarily on the impacts of genetics on behavior.

What is a defining characteristic of naturalistic observation?

It analyzes behavior in natural environments. Signup and view all the answers

How does introspection contribute to the understanding of mental processes?

It provides insight into subjective experiences and cognitive processes. Signup and view all the answers

What does perceptual constancy refer to?

The perception of objects as constant despite changes in their retinal image Signup and view all the answers

What causes the movement seen in films and videos?

Stroboscopic illusion Signup and view all the answers

Which depth cue is lost by individuals who have lost an eye?

Retinal disparity Signup and view all the answers

What does the grouping principle of closure allow us to do?

Perceive complete forms even when they are not fully enclosed Signup and view all the answers

Which principle leads us to automatically group stimuli together based on their spatial relationships?

Grouping Signup and view all the answers

What role does depth perception play in visual processing?

It enables locational awareness of objects in three dimensions Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of figure-ground discrimination?

Recognizing a dog in a park full of trees Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the grouping principle of proximity?

Objects that appear close together are perceived as a group Signup and view all the answers

What are primary drives primarily derived from?

Basic biological needs Signup and view all the answers

Which theory of motivation states that people act to maintain an optimal level of arousal?

Arousal theory Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is known to stimulate eating?

Sights and smells from prior associations Signup and view all the answers

What does the set point theory relate to in terms of eating behavior?

Homeostasis and comfort Signup and view all the answers

What does achievement motivation involve?

Meeting specific goals and feeling satisfied Signup and view all the answers

Which hormones are primarily associated with female biological functions?

Progestational hormones Signup and view all the answers

Incentive theory emphasizes the role of which factor in motivating behavior?

External stimuli and rewards Signup and view all the answers

What combination defines subjective wellbeing?

Cognitive judgment of life satisfaction and positive mood Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes secondary drives?

Motivations conditioned through experience Signup and view all the answers

What does the sex response cycle primarily refer to?

The pattern of physiological arousal during sexual activity Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of REM sleep in memory?

Consolidates memory Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily disrupted when a traveler experiences jet lag?

Circadian rhythm Signup and view all the answers

Which sleep stage is important for restoring sensitivity to norepinephrine?

REM sleep Signup and view all the answers

Which theory suggests that hypnosis creates an altered state of consciousness?

State theory Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon is characterized by a person's ability to act out dreams during sleep?

REM behavior disorder Signup and view all the answers

What regulates the human circadian rhythm?

Suprachiasmatic nuclei Signup and view all the answers

What theory combines elements of both role and state theories of hypnosis?

Dissociation theory Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of hypnosis involves the responsiveness to suggestions?

Hypnotic susceptibility Signup and view all the answers

According to Cannon's theory, what role does the brain play in emotions?

It directly produces experiences of emotion. Signup and view all the answers

In the James-Lange theory, how are emotions understood?

By recognizing peripheral autonomic responses. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does the cognitive theories of emotion emphasize?

Cognitive interpretations shape emotional experiences. Signup and view all the answers

How can the same event lead to different emotional responses?

By varying the way the event is perceived and labeled. Signup and view all the answers

What did Darwin argue concerning expressions of emotions?

There is a universality of facial expressions in infants. Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, what can stimulation of certain brain areas lead to?

The generation of either pleasant or unpleasant emotions. Signup and view all the answers

Which physiological response is associated with fear in the James-Lange theory?

Decreased blood flow in extremities. Signup and view all the answers

Which theory suggests that feedback from peripheral responses and cognitive interpretation combine to form emotions?

Cognitive-Schachter-Singer Theory. Signup and view all the answers