Psychology Chapter on Memory and Problem Solving
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is not a component of Atkinson and Shiffrin’s modal model of memory?

  • Short-term memory
  • Sensory memory
  • Long-term memory
  • Working memory (correct)
  • What is the auditory sensory memory known as?

  • Phonological loop
  • Iconic memory
  • Echoic memory (correct)
  • Episodic memory
  • What type of reinforcement schedule has a constant time delay between behavior and reinforcement?

  • Fixed interval (correct)
  • Continuous reinforcement
  • Fixed ratio
  • Variable interval
  • What is typically considered a process of mentally representing aspects of the world to generate new representations useful for goals?

    <p>Thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term encompasses the cognitive processes we use to infer knowledge and draw conclusions?

    <p>Reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of problem solving according to Gestalt psychologists?

    <p>Restructuring of representation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a situation where insight occurs?

    <p>Suddenly realizing how to solve a puzzle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the way a problem is represented in the mind affect problem solving?

    <p>It can influence the success of the problem solving.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the Gestalt approach to problem solving?

    <p>Analytical breakdown of problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the heuristic of 'working backwards' involve?

    <p>Starting with the end result to solve the problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does restructuring play according to the principles of Gestalt psychology?

    <p>It is necessary for solving insight problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is suggested as an effective method for solving a problem according to the Gestalt approach?

    <p>Focusing on small portions initially</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best way to define a prototype?

    <p>The best representative of a category.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the situation where there is a goal state but the path to it is unclear?

    <p>Problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a method mentioned for solving problems?

    <p>Reflex Action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Tower of Hanoi, what term describes the various steps taken to reach the goal state?

    <p>Operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does means-end analysis primarily involve?

    <p>Taking actions to reach the goal while assessing progress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial state in problem solving?

    <p>The first stage of navigating the problem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach is indicated as a formalized sequence of steps for problem solving?

    <p>Algorithms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'problem space' in problem-solving?

    <p>All possible states and moves within a problem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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